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The creation of the European Union has benefited marketers wanting to enter Europe because they now have access to a homogeneous market consisting of 27 countries.

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Contract manufacturing is one mode of licensing that allows a company to start faster, with the opportunity to form a partnership or buy out the local manufacturer later.

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Various governments force companies to charge the ________ price, which is charged by other competitors for the same or a similar product.


A) gray market
B) implicit
C) arm's-length
D) authorized
E) contingent

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Which of the following modes of entry into a foreign market involves the maximum commitment and risk?


A) franchising
B) direct investment
C) joint ventures
D) licensing
E) direct exporting

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Your firm has decided to enter the international market with your product called "Trema," a combination of a pocket organizer and cell phone. Even though the product has been a huge success in the home country, market research suggests some changes may be required before it can be introduced in Europe. Your CMO is of the opinion that the product requires certain extra features and the product will also have to be marketed differently. Your CMO is advocating ________.


A) product invention
B) dual adaptation
C) straight extension
D) forward adaptation
E) product standardization

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Describe the whole-channel concept of international marketing.

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Many U.S. manufacturers think their job ...

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Some types of products travel better across borders than others. What types of products are most likely to be successful as straight extensions.

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Straight extension introduces ...

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Regional economic integration has intensified in recent years, which makes it more difficult for marketers to expand globally.

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Global firms plan, operate, and coordinate their activities on a worldwide basis.

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A waterfall approach to entering foreign markets is described as entering countries simultaneously.

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Explain how marketers are using the Web for international business.

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Marketers are using the Web to attract n...

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When companies sell on the Internet, price becomes transparent, and price differentiation between countries declines.

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"BRIC" is an acronym for ________.


A) Brazil, Russia, India, and China
B) Bolivia, Russia, Indonesia, and China
C) Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, and China
D) Bolivia, Russia, India, and Canada
E) Bolivia, Russia, Indonesia, and Canada

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Backward invention occurs when a firm ________.


A) creates a new product to meet a need in another country
B) reintroduces earlier product forms adapted to suit another country's needs
C) invents products that are similar to competing offerings
D) takes an existing product into a new market
E) produces its own raw materials

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In which of the following modes of licensing does the firm hire local producers to produce the product, giving the company less control over the manufacturing process?


A) contract manufacturing
B) management contracts
C) direct investment
D) joint venture production
E) greenfield venturing

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What is a global firm?


A) A firm that operates in one country and exports its goods and services to foreign countries.
B) A firm that operates in more than one country and has a sales and marketing staff in those countries.
C) A firm that operates in more than one country and captures R&D, production, logistical, marketing, and financial advantages not available to purely domestic competitors.
D) A firm that sells its products and services across the world but restricts manufacturing to the home country.
E) A firm that operates in more than one country but restricts the sale of its products to the home country.

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Most brands are adapted to some extent to reflect significant differences in consumer behavior, brand development, competitive forces, and the legal or political environment. Identify the five international product and communication strategies available to firms that expand their businesses to foreign countries.

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The five internation...

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Regional free trade zones exist around the world. One of the oldest is the European Union, formed in 1957. Describe the purpose of the EU and discuss some of the benefits to firms engaged in trade within the European Union.

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The EU creates a single European market ...

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Which of the following is most likely to be successful when introduced in foreign markets as a straight extension?


A) laundry detergent
B) khaki pants
C) dessert mixes
D) digital camera
E) condensed soup

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Product adaptation not only involves altering the product to meet local preferences, but also calls for a change in the communication strategy.

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