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Define price. Discuss its importance.

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In the narrowest sense, price is the amo...

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________ involves setting prices based on the costs for producing, distributing, and selling the product plus a fair rate of return for effort and risk.


A) Value-based pricing
B) Competition-based pricing
C) Cost-based pricing
D) Penetration pricing
E) Break-even pricing

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Explain break-even pricing.

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Break-even pricing (target return pricin...

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Which of the following involves introducing less-expensive versions of established, brand-name products?


A) markup pricing
B) good-value pricing
C) time-based pricing
D) cost-based pricing
E) target profit pricing

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Elmo Inc., a global conglomerate, designed the ElBrush, an electric toothbrush. Sensing market demand for the electric toothbrush, Elmo started with an ideal selling price of $3 based on customer value considerations and then targeted costs to ensure that the price was met. This exemplifies ________.


A) competition-based pricing
B) cost-plus pricing
C) target costing
D) everyday low pricing
E) high-low pricing

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Prices have a direct impact on a firm's bottom line.

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Costs that change with the level of production are referred to as ________.


A) fixed costs
B) variable costs
C) target costs
D) total costs
E) overhead costs

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Customer perceptions of the product's value set the floor for prices.

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False

Dips in the economy and the instant price comparisons made possible by the Internet have contributed to ________.


A) decreased consumer price sensitivity
B) increased consumer price sensitivity
C) a less direct relationship between supply and demand
D) low brand equity for luxury goods
E) decreased brand loyalty

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Explain the concept of price floor.

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Price floor represen...

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Which of the following is an external factor that affects pricing decisions in a company?


A) the company's overall marketing strategy
B) the nature of the market
C) the organizational objectives of the company
D) elements of the company's marketing mix
E) the annual advertising budget of rival firms

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________ is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue.


A) Price
B) Product
C) Place
D) Fixed costs
E) Variable costs

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A

A company faces fixed costs of $100,000 and variable costs of $8 per unit. It plans to directly sell its product in the market for $12. How many units must it produce and sell to break even?


A) 20,000
B) 25,000
C) 30,000
D) 35,000
E) 40,000

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What is competition-based pricing?

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Competition-based pricing refe...

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A pharmaceutical company in Utah recently released a new and expensive anti-ulcer drug in the market. The company justifies the high price of the drug by claiming that it is highly effective for treating all kinds of ulcers. The company also claims that the new drug will help bring down the need for invasive surgeries, an additional benefit for patients. Which of the following pricing strategies is the pharmaceutical company most likely using in this instance?


A) target pricing
B) markup pricing
C) cost-based pricing
D) value-based pricing
E) break-even pricing

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A downward-sloping experience curve is indicative of a company's rapidly increasing production costs.

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The long-run average cost (LRAC) curve indicates the ________.


A) per unit cost of output in the long run
B) projected total production costs of competitors
C) variable costs incurred by a firm over time
D) fixed costs incurred by a firm over the long term
E) number of units the market will buy in a given time period, at different prices that might be charged

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John assured his venture capitalists an earning of 25 percent return on equity when he began his IT start-up. In order to achieve this result, he will most likely use which of the following pricing approaches?


A) value-based pricing
B) markup pricing
C) EDLP
D) customer-based pricing
E) target return pricing

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Price decisions must be coordinated with product design, distribution, and promotion decisions to form a consistent and effective integrated marketing mix program.

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Under oligopolistic competition ________.


A) the market consists of a single dominant seller
B) the market consists of numerous small sellers
C) the market consists of many buyers and sellers who trade over a range of prices rather than a single market price
D) sellers are typically unresponsive to competitors' pricing strategies and marketing moves
E) the market consists of only a few large sellers

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E

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