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Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a child's awareness of the attitudes,viewpoints,and expectations of society as a whole?


A) generalized other
B) significant other
C) impression management
D) symbolic other

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Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of "face-work"?


A) altering the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences
B) people's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public
C) institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life
D) the variety of interactionism that utilizes theatrical concepts

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Anticipatory socialization refers to


A) the process whereby people learn the attitudes,values,and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a culture.
B) processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions,occupations,and social relationships.
C) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life.
D) the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers.

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The looking-glass self is the


A) sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others.
B) child's awareness of the attitudes,viewpoints,and expectations of society as a whole.
C) phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others.
D) person's typical patterns of attitudes,needs,characteristics,and behavior.

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Describe the ways in which the media impacts youth in the U.S.

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The media has a significant impact on yo...

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Education,religion,and the government all impact an individual's socialization.

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Which of the following is the third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development?


A) the preoperational stage
B) the concrete operational stage
C) the formal operational stage
D) the sensorimotor stage

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The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another,thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint,is known as


A) role strain.
B) resocialization.
C) face-work.
D) role taking.

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Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that


A) early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization.
B) social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys.
C) there was no comparison between the development of the monkeys and human development.
D) midlife deprivation was more serious than early childhood deprivation.

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Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication are known as


A) folkways.
B) norms.
C) rites of passage.
D) symbols.

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Individuality is often lost within total institutions.

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Using some of the examples from the chapter (Isabelle,Romanian orphans,primate studies,twin studies),discuss the influence of heredity and environmental factors on the socialization process.

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The influence of heredity and environmen...

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Some of the most difficult socialization challenges and rites of passage occur in the later years of life.

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Which sociological perspective emphasizes how schools in the U.S.foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments?


A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

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Gender roles are


A) expectations regarding the proper behavior,attitudes,and activities of males and females.
B) the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females.
C) universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females.
D) the biological characteristics of males and females,such as genital organs,hormones,and body hair.

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In total institutions,people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as


A) degradation ceremonies.
B) resocialization.
C) anticipatory socialization.
D) reverse socialization.

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Which of the following is an example of a symbol?


A) a hug
B) a Coca-Cola bottle
C) a frown
D) All of these answers are correct.

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A person leaves a singles' bar alone and later tells a friend,"There wasn't anyone interesting in the entire crowd." This is an example of


A) reverse socialization.
B) anticipatory socialization.
C) impression management.
D) face-work.

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