Question 1

The seafloor spreading process at ridges produces what type of faults?

Accepted Answer

A)   normal faults
B)   oblique- slip faults
C)   thrust fault
D)   strike- slip faults

Question 2

Submarine canyons found on the continental slope are believed to have been created ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   by faulting
B)   because of a plate plunging into the mantle
C)   by rivers during the ice age
D)   none of these

Question 3

Micro- organisms called foraminifera have tiny coiled shells with chambers. In modern oceans the coiling direction of foraminifera shells is correlated to temperature. Using coiling direction from foraminifera fossils is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   using the fossil as a paleo- depth indicator because water temperature varies with depth
B)   using isotopes to fingerprint temperature
C)   geomagic; the whole idea is preposterous
D)   using the fossil's coiling direction is a proxy for climate because the surface water temperature would be highly correlated to surface temperature

Question 4

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A)   radar altimeters
B)   sidescan sonar
C)   echo sounder
D)   Doppler radar

Question 5

The west coast of South America has an_______ continental margin and the east coast of North America has an. continental margins.

Accepted Answer

A)   active; active
B)   passive; active
C)   passive; passive
D)   active; passive

Question 6

Which one of the following is not part of the continental margin?

Accepted Answer

A)   continental slope
B)   continental rise
C)   continental trench
D)   continental shelf

Question 7

In the present day, what is the most valuable non- living commodity obtained from sea floor?

Accepted Answer

A)   oil and gas
B)   gas hydrate
C)   sand and gravel
D)   gold

Question 8

The deepest place in the world's oceans is known as the______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   Challenger Deep
B)   Maldives Trench
C)   Asuncion Hole
D)   Aleutians Pit

Question 9

Ocean floor topography can be estimated from space using______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   high resolution measurements of the earth's magnetic field
B)   radar pulses that bounce off the ocean surface
C)   laser beams that penetrate to the sea floor
D)   powerful sound waves that echo to the satellite

Question 10

Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Northern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Southern Hemisphere.
B)   The Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere.
C)   The percentage of land and water is about the same in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
D)   None of the above is true.

Question 11

The continental rise is located______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   at the top of the continental slope
B)   between an abyssal plain and continental slope
C)   at the seaward edge of a deep ocean trench
D)   at the top of a mid- ocean ridge

Question 12

"Black smokers" are associated with______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   hot water
B)   oceanic ridges
C)   mineral- rich waters
D)   all of these

Question 13

Earlier we discussed the concept of isostasy, where lower density rocks rise higher than higher density rocks. How is the variation of water depth at spreading centers ridges. controlled by isostasy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Volcanic rocks are lighter than other rocks, and so the abundant volcanic rocks at the ridges are lower density features that produce the seafloor topography.
B)   The lithosphere cools as it moves away from the ridge axis by sea floor spreading, and cooler rocks are lower density, so the sea floor gets deeper as the lithosphere gets more dense.
C)   Oceanic ridges are sites where the lithosphere is carried into the mantle on one side aka subduction zones., and the volcanoes along these margins produce the ridge by buildup of lower density crust.
D)   It has nothing to do with isostasy; the areas are simply high because there are chains of active volcanoes along the ridge crest, producing the topography.

Question 14

Submerged, flat- topped seamounts are known as _______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   guyots
B)   oceanic plateaus
C)   nodule stacks
D)   abyssal mounts

Question 15

The crests of mid- oceanic ridges______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   are geologically old features
B)   lie at depths exceeding 6 kilometers
C)   contain active rift zones
D)   are heavily mantled with sediment

Question 16

_______ continental margins occur where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath the edge of a continent.

Accepted Answer

A)   Active
B)   Passive
C)   Deep sea
D)   Turbidity

Question 17

Oil and gas resources are most common on the _______  .

Accepted Answer

A)   continental shelf
B)   abyssal plains
C)   mid- ocean ridge
D)   guyots

Question 18

The______ Ocean has more extensive abyssal plains than the Pacific Ocean because it has fewer trenches to trap sediments moving down the continental slope.

Accepted Answer

A)   Indian
B)   Arctic
C)   Atlantic
D)   none of these

Question 19

Multibeam sonar provides the best modern technique for obtaining seafloor bathymetry, so why has it not been used for the entire ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oceanographers simply have not had time to process all the data.
B)   It does not work in deep water.
C)   It is too expensive, requiring many ships many years to survey the entire ocean.
D)   It does not work where there is ice.

Question 20

The best modern technique for obtaining high resolution bathymetry of the seafloor is______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   seismic reflection profiling
B)   sidescan sonar
C)   multibeam bathymetry
D)   echo sounding

Exam 13: The Ocean Floor

Micro- organisms called foraminifera have tiny coiled shells with chambers. In modern oceans the coiling direction of foraminifera shells is correlated to temperature. Using coiling direction from foraminifera fossils is an example of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The______ Ocean has more extensive abyssal plains than the Pacific Ocean because it has fewer trenches to trap sediments moving down the continental slope.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Earlier we discussed the concept of isostasy, where lower density rocks rise higher than higher density rocks. How is the variation of water depth at spreading centers ridges. controlled by isostasy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Submarine canyons found on the continental slope are believed to have been created ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oil and gas resources are most common on the _______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The deepest place in the world's oceans is known as the______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The crests of mid- oceanic ridges______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ocean floor topography can be estimated from space using______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the present day, what is the most valuable non- living commodity obtained from sea floor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The west coast of South America has an_______ continental margin and the east coast of North America has an. continental margins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ continental margins occur where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath the edge of a continent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The seafloor spreading process at ridges produces what type of faults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Submerged, flat- topped seamounts are known as _______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is not part of the continental margin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The continental rise is located______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Black smokers" are associated with______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best modern technique for obtaining high resolution bathymetry of the seafloor is______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Multibeam sonar provides the best modern technique for obtaining seafloor bathymetry, so why has it not been used for the entire ocean?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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