Question 1

Researchers discovered that the regions of the frontal lobe activated when a monkey moves peanuts to its own mouth are also activated when the monkey simply observes other monkeys move peanuts to their mouths. This discovery pointed to the significance of

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic motives.
B)   mirror neurons.
C)   extrinsic motives.
D)   cognitive maps.

Question 2

The violence-viewing effect is especially pronounced when the observed violence

Accepted Answer

A)   causes visible harm.
B)   goes unpunished.
C)   seems unjustified.
D)   is committed by an unattractive person.

Question 3

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock. They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; more
B)   more; less
C)   less; less
D)   less; more

Question 4

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping
B)   generalization
C)   modeling
D)   secondary reinforcement

Question 5

Prolonged exposure to TV violence leads viewers to experience

Accepted Answer

A)   more sympathy for victims of violence and to become more upset by the sight of real-life violence.
B)   less sympathy for victims of violence and to become less upset by the sight of real-life violence.
C)   more sympathy for victims of violence and to become less upset by the sight of real-life violence.
D)   less sympathy for victims of violence and to become more upset by the sight of real-life violence.

Question 6

Some psychologists believe that rats developmental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations are called

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcers.
B)   operant chambers.
C)   discriminative stimuli.
D)   cognitive maps.

Question 7

The tendency to discontinue behaviors that we observe others being punished for performing best illustrates the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic motivation.
B)   vicarious punishment.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   negative reinforcement.

Question 8

A dramatic increase in children's violent play immediately after they viewed a video of the "Power Rangers" illustrates the role of television as a source of

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   negative reinforcement.
D)   observational learning.

Question 9

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcement
B)   generalization
C)   biological predispositions
D)   negative reinforcement

Question 10

When Julie saw her brother being praised for cleaning his bedroom, she increasingly engaged in cleaning her own bedroom. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   instinctive drift.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   vicarious reinforcement.
D)   intrinsic motivation.

Question 11

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television. This is most likely to lead her to

Accepted Answer

A)   underestimate the actual frequency of violent crimes in the real world.
B)   experience less distress at the sight of other children fighting on the school playground.
C)   become more hesitant about personally starting a fight with another child.
D)   become less fearful about being criminally assaulted.

Question 12

Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another will

Accepted Answer

A)   ignore both what the model says and does.
B)   ignore what the model does but talk in ways consistent with what the model says.
C)   ignore what the model says but act in ways consistent with what the model does.
D)   talk in ways consistent with what the model says and act in ways consistent with what the model does.

Question 13

When one monkey sees a second monkey touch four pictures in a certain order to gain a banana, the first monkey learns to imitate that sequence. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary reinforcement.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   observational learning.
D)   shaping.

Question 14

Like European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis, civil rights activists of the 1960s had parents who

Accepted Answer

A)   consistently used reinforcement in combination with punishment to shape their children's moral behavior.
B)   modeled a strong moral or humanitarian concern.
C)   consistently used psychological punishment rather than physical punishment in shaping their children's behavior.
D)   consistently explained to their children the harsh consequences of immoral behavior.

Question 15

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobe adjacent to the motor cortex.
B)   temporal lobe adjacent to the auditory cortex.
C)   parietal lobe adjacent to the sensory cortex.
D)   occipital lobe adjacent to the visual cortex.

Question 16

Marcy grows roses for the sheer joy of it; Jennifer grows them to sell at a profit. Marcy's behavior reflects ________, whereas Jennifer's behavior reflects ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery; acquisition
B)   a variable-ratio schedule; a fixed-ratio schedule
C)   intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
D)   operant conditioning; classical conditioning

Question 17

Copying an adult, young children will wave a stick over a box and then use the stick to push on a knob that opens the box when all they needed to do to open the box was to pull on the knob. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   partial reinforcement.
C)   overimitation.
D)   classical conditioning.

Question 18

If a shock is always preceded by a tone, and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone, a rat will react

Accepted Answer

A)   with no fear either to the tone or to the light.
B)   with fear to the tone but not to the light.
C)   with fear to the light but not to the tone.
D)   with equally high levels of fear both to the tone and to the light.

Question 19

Inferring another's mental states is an ability known as.

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   latent learning.
C)   theory of mind.
D)   modeling.

Question 20

Which of the following has helped prevent coyotes and wolves from attacking sheep?

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning
B)   conditioned taste aversion
C)   positive reinforcement
D)   spontaneous recovery

Exam 22: A: Effects of Biology and Cognition

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television. This is most likely to lead her to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to discontinue behaviors that we observe others being punished for performing best illustrates the influence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock. They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has helped prevent coyotes and wolves from attacking sheep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a shock is always preceded by a tone, and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone, a rat will react

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some psychologists believe that rats developmental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The violence-viewing effect is especially pronounced when the observed violence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Copying an adult, young children will wave a stick over a box and then use the stick to push on a knob that opens the box when all they needed to do to open the box was to pull on the knob. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A dramatic increase in children's violent play immediately after they viewed a video of the "Power Rangers" illustrates the role of television as a source of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Like European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis, civil rights activists of the 1960s had parents who

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marcy grows roses for the sheer joy of it; Jennifer grows them to sell at a profit. Marcy's behavior reflects ________, whereas Jennifer's behavior reflects ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged exposure to TV violence leads viewers to experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Julie saw her brother being praised for cleaning his bedroom, she increasingly engaged in cleaning her own bedroom. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When one monkey sees a second monkey touch four pictures in a certain order to gain a banana, the first monkey learns to imitate that sequence. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inferring another's mental states is an ability known as.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers discovered that the regions of the frontal lobe activated when a monkey moves peanuts to its own mouth are also activated when the monkey simply observes other monkeys move peanuts to their mouths. This discovery pointed to the significance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock. They learn to flap their wings to obtain food easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

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Marcy grows roses for the sheer joy of it; Jennifer grows them to sell at a profit. Marcy's behavior reflects , whereas Jennifer's behavior reflects .

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