Exam 22: America and the Great War

A) He described it as a war to save capitalism.
B) He described it as a war to make the world safe for democracy.
C) He described it as a war against Nazism and fascism.
D) He described it as a war to expand the American empire.
E) He described it as necessary despite Congress's lack of enthusiasm.

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A) It was a German ship that was sunk by the British early in the war, signaling the turning tide of the war and convincing Americans they could count on the Allies winning.
B) It was one of the most formidable battleships in the British navy that sunk during one of the earliest and largest battles during the war, causing the United States to delay entering the war.
C) It was a British passenger ship secretly carrying ammunition, and its sinking by German U-boats caused many civilian deaths, including those of Americans, and sparked an outcry in the United States.
D) It was the only passenger ship attacked during the war, resulting in Germany honoring the wartime custom of stopping an enemy vessel and allowing passengers to escape before sinking it.
E) Its sinking was a victory for the United States and caused Wilson to slow efforts to strengthen the army and the navy so that he could attend to other pressing economic issues for the time being.

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A) was the executive director of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) who organized it into four divisions
B) was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare and promoted raids on alien "radicals"
C) was a strict pacifist, served as Wilson's first secretary of state, and foresaw the implications of sending aid to the Allies
D) was a Republican representative from Montana who voted against American entry into the Great War
E) was the leading Republican in Congress as well as the reservationist concerning the League of Nations
F) was the business magnate who headed the Food Administration during the Great War
G) was the Marxist radical who returned to Russia with the help of the Germans and led the Bolshevik Revolution
H) was originally a pacifist but went on to be an American soldier who captured more than 100 Germans during the Great War
I) was a general who commanded U.S. forces in France, such as in the Battle of Belleau Wood
J) was a Socialist leader who was jailed for sympathizing with men who encouraged avoidance of the draft

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A) It persisted, for Wilson saw all other countries involved in the Great War as fully capable of creating their own standards and was fundamentally against the idea of American interference.
B) It ended, in part because the interests of the United States became more bound up with the expanding world economy, and new war technology threatened national security.
C) It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court because the United States had been founded on the idea that it had obligations to protect all smaller nations.
D) It continued because changing demographics meant that the United States could not afford for many men to join the military, and women were banned from taking any jobs.
E) It ceased because the United States had long supported the Ottoman Empire rather than offering relief or resources to European countries such as Great Britain.

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A) It included a clause that blamed Germany for the Great War.
B) It created new nations such as Poland and Yugoslavia.
C) It required Germany to pay war reparations.
D) It transferred vast territories to France on Germany's west and to Poland on its east and north.
E) It committed the United States to the League of Nations.

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The Great War, also known as World War I...

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A) to follow Theodore Roosevelt's advice and declare war on Germany right away
B) to abandon any hopes of peace talks with Germany and refuse to send diplomats
C) to promote Williams Jennings Bryan in his cabinet and give him greater control of the war effort
D) to take a pro-British stance and dismiss German claims that the ship carried rifles and ammunition
E) to request that Congress vote on whether to formally enter the Great War then and there

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A) It provided for the direct election of senators.
B) It reinstated Prohibition.
C) It gave the president expanded war powers.
D) It guaranteed women the right to vote.
E) It gave Congress the power to create an income tax.

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A) President Wilson immediately called on Congress to build up American military strength and begin the conscription of young male soldiers.
B) Most old-line Americans were sympathetic to the Central Powers, so Wilson worried he would not have enough support to declare war and join the Allies.
C) Irish Americans became the group that most leaned toward supporting the Allies, and for this reason, Wilson felt confident in joining the Allies' side.
D) Wilson publicly promoted neutrality while privately ensuring that the United States would help provide supplies to the Allies.
E) John J. Pershing was already on his way with tens of thousands of troops, as Wilson had already signed a pact with Great Britain and France.

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A) The war would cause more destruction and involve more nations than any previous conflict.
B) The war coincided with a highly public and controversial divorce from Wilson's wife Ellen.
C) Wilson had plotted to topple several European monarchs, but all remained in power after the war.
D) Actions taken by the United States had been the primary cause of the start of the war.
E) Great Britain had been a latecomer to industrialization but was the main American ally.

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A) ongoing guerrilla warfare throughout Europe
B) a series of labor riots
C) the Spanish flu pandemic
D) the atomic bomb
E) the cholera outbreak

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A) was the executive director of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) who organized it into four divisions
B) was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare and promoted raids on alien "radicals"
C) was a strict pacifist, served as Wilson's first secretary of state, and foresaw the implications of sending aid to the Allies
D) was a Republican representative from Montana who voted against American entry into the Great War
E) was the leading Republican in Congress as well as the reservationist concerning the League of Nations
F) was the business magnate who headed the Food Administration during the Great War
G) was the Marxist radical who returned to Russia with the help of the Germans and led the Bolshevik Revolution
H) was originally a pacifist but went on to be an American soldier who captured more than 100 Germans during the Great War
I) was a general who commanded U.S. forces in France, such as in the Battle of Belleau Wood
J) was a Socialist leader who was jailed for sympathizing with men who encouraged avoidance of the draft

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A) It was difficult to find men willing to enlist, which led to the vast majority of initial recruits having joined via the draft.
B) Support for the war was so widespread that the United States would not sign up men for a draft until the last year of the war.
C) Many men initially rushed to enlist before being drafted, including a significant percentage of immigrants.
D) Because the overwhelming majority of Americans supported the Central Powers rather than the Allies, few joined the American army willingly.
E) It was far more difficult to find men willing to enlist in the American army at the beginning of the war than toward the end.

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A) It made it much easier for immigrants to enter the United States because the government was desperate for men to join the American war effort.
B) It repealed and sought to make amends for the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act by allowing for unprecedented numbers of Chinese immigrants.
C) It was the first widely restrictive immigration law and included requirements for a literacy test and an increased "head tax" upon arriving to the United States.
D) It made it far more difficult for individuals from the Philippines to immigrate to the United States because the Philippines was no longer a U.S. colony.
E) Its greatest opposition came from labor unions who were desperate for the arrival of more workers, and its greatest support came from Wilson.

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A) It began when several officers protested their long hours and small pay by calling in sick.
B) It was settled when both sides agreed to submit to an arbitration panel.
C) Its aftermath inadvertently made Calvin Coolidge a national hero.
D) It launched the political career of J. Edgar Hoover.
E) It was a result of major decreases in consumer prices.

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A) They reflected his belief that the world could be improved and were intended to shape the peace treaty and make the Great War the last world war.
B) They were a list of strict conditions the United States had to meet before he would agree to end the war and withdraw troops.
C) They made up an argument he delivered before the Senate that closely involved the input of several other senators and world leaders.
D) They were part of a plan for mobilizing Americans upon entering the war, which included rules for rationing and production levels.
E) They were a set of demands delivered to Germany after the Zimmermann telegram was discovered that the Kaiser ignored.

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