Exam 7: Earth and the Terrestrial Worlds

A) 1000 parts- per- million
B) 10 parts- per- million
C) 100 parts- per- million
D) None. It has decreased.

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A) when the substance is strongly cooled from underneath
B) when the substance is strongly heated from underneath
C) when the substance is subjected to a strong magnetic field
D) when the substance is strongly shaken or disturbed by a strong wind
E) when dense material is being added to the substance

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A) The rotation rate determines how much atmosphere a planet has.
B) Faster rotation rates raise the atmospheric temperature.
C) Faster rotation rates produce stronger winds.
D) The rotation rate determines how long the planet is able to retain its atmosphere.
E) Faster rotation rates raise surface temperatures and thus determine how much material is gaseous versus icy or liquid.

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A) Greenhouse gases absorb X- rays and ultraviolet light from the Sun, and this absorbed radiation then heats the atmosphere and the surface.
B) Greenhouse gases absorb infrared light coming from the Sun, and this absorbed sunlight heats the lower atmosphere and the surface.
C) The greenhouse effect is caused primarily by ozone, which absorbs ultraviolet light and thereby makes the atmosphere much hotter than it would be otherwise.
D) A planet's surface absorbs visible sunlight and returns this absorbed energy to space as infrared light. Greenhouse gases slow the escape of this infrared radiation, which thereby heats the lower atmosphere.

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A) the excavation of bowl- shaped depressions by asteroids or comets striking a planet's surface
B) the eruption of molten rock from a planet's interior to its surface
C) The disruption of a planet's surface by internal stresses
D) the wearing down or building up of geological features by wind, water, ice, and other phenomena of planetary weather

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A) Venus.
B) Mercury.
C) Moon.
D) Mars.

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A) Cooler temperatures allow carbon dioxide to form rain and rain out of the atmosphere.
B) Cooler temperatures cause volcanoes to become more active, so they release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than they do when temperatures are warmer.
C) Cooler temperatures lead to slower formation of carbonate minerals in the ocean, so carbon dioxide released by volcanism builds up in the atmosphere and strengthens the greenhouse effect.
D) Cooler temperatures mean more ice and more erosion, which somehow makes the planet warm up.

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A) The amount of energy the Earth receives from the Sun remains constant regardless of what the Sun does.
B) The scientists are covering up this potentially valid explanation.
C) What the Sun was doing millions of years ago is what determines Earth's temperature, since the Earth doesn't respond directly to what the Sun is doing today.
D) The Sun is increasing in luminosity much too slowly, over many millions of years.

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A) Humans burn forests, drive cars, and build power plants that directly heat the planet.
B) There is no compelling evidence for human contributions to climate change; the correlations do not show what causes them.
C) Humans are responsible for every possible change to the planet, since humans are the only intelligent life forms.
D) Humans deplete the ozone layer, allowing more ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth.
E) Climate models show that extra carbon dioxide contributed by humans is enough to match the temperature data.

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A) Its surface is made of ices that absorb red light.
B) Its surface is made of ices that absorb blue light.
C) Its atmosphere scatters blue light more effectively than red light.
D) It is made primarily of red clay.
E) Its surface rocks were rusted by oxygen.

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A) a few decades.
B) the remaining existence of the Moon.
C) millions of years.
D) no time; they were quickly erased by micrometeorites.

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A) large valley on the Moon.
B) huge series of cliffs on Mercury.
C) large canyon on Mars.
D) extensive plain on Mars.
E) large canyon on Venus.

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A) Unlike Earth, Venus does not have a liquid outer core.
B) It does not have a metallic core.
C) It has too thick of an atmosphere.
D) Its rotation is too slow.

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The lunar maria are generally smooth com...

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A) Venus and the Moon
B) Mercury and Venus
C) Earth and Venus
D) Earth and Mars
E) Earth and the Moon

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A) 0- 3°C
B) 3- 5°C
C) 0°C
D) 5- 7°C
E) 7- 10°C

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