Question 1

Which of the following terms best describes the sentence: 'In a blind tasting, people will not be able to tell the difference between margarine and butter'?

Accepted Answer

A)   A directional hypothesis
B)   An operational definition
C)   A null hypothesis
D)   A non-directional hypothesis

Question 2

If the scores on a test have a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4, what is the z-score for a score of 18?

Accepted Answer

A)   -2
B)   11
C)   2
D)   -1.41

Question 3

The aim of experimental research is to

Accepted Answer

A)   Be a phenomenon
B)   Cause a phenomenon
C)   Investigate what caused a phenomenon
D)   Prevent a phenomenon

Question 4

What is a significance level?

Accepted Answer

A)   The level at which statistics finally become meaningful to a stein.
B)   The impact that reporting statistics incorrectly could have.
C)   A pre-set level of probability that the results are correct.
D)   A pre-set level of probability at which it will be accepted that results are due to chance or not.

Question 5

A frequency distribution in which low scores are most frequent (i.e., bars on the graph are highest on the left hand side)  is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   Positively skewed
B)   Leptokurtic
C)   Platykurtic
D)   Negatively skewed

Question 6

'Sleep deprivation will reduce the ability to perform a complex cognitive task'. State the direction of this hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)   Directional
B)   Non-directional
C)   Both
D)   Not enough information given

Question 7

A null hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)   States that the experimental treatment will have an effect.
B)   Is rarely used in experiments.
C)   Predicts that the experimental treatment will have no effect.
D)   None of the above.

Question 8

Of the following results of studies undertaken, which is considered to have been a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

A)   A study of the use of silver nitrate dressings versus the use of acupuncture demonstrated equal healing times for the treatment of leg ulcers within the elderly community. The researchers concluded that both types of treatment were equally effective.
B)   A study of sleep behaviour showed that there is a relationship between raised body temperature and the number of hours of sleep. The conclusion drawn was that a person would sleep more if they had a high body temperature.
C)   In a study of children's reading habits at home, a relationship between reading and eating bananas was found. The conclusion was drawn that eating bananas improved reading ability.
D)   Following the discovery that a person's pain threshold increases when subjected to repeated electrical stimulation, researchers concluded that shock therapy is recommended for pain control. A

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the value of an 'effect size' to research?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has a key role to play when calculating assumptions about collected data.
B)   It is a vital statistic when calculating the significance of an experimental study.
C)   It is a measure of the power of an experiment and therefore its significance.
D)   It is a standardized measure that allows for the comparison across different studies that have used different variables or measurement scales.

Question 10

A Type I error is when:

Accepted Answer

A)   We conclude that there is a meaningful effect in the population when in fact there is not.
B)   We conclude that there is not a meaningful effect in the population when in fact there is.
C)   We conclude that the test statistic is significant when in fact it is not.
D)   The data we have typed into SPSS are different than the data collected.

Question 11

The significance of probability is usually expressed as a value occurring somewhere between 0 and 1. Which of the following would be considered the most highly significant in statistical terms?

Accepted Answer

A)   .1
B)   .05
C)   .025
D)   .01

Question 12

Which of these statements about statistical power is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Power is the ability of a test to detect an effect.
B)   We can use power to determine how big a sample is required to detect an effect of a certain size.
C)   Power is linked to the probability of making a Type I error.
D)   All of the above are true.

Question 13

A standard deviation that has a value of 0 is best explained by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)   Data points are distant to the mean.
B)   Data points equal the mean.
C)   All the scores are the same.
D)   Data points are close to the mean.

Question 14

What is the conventional level of probability that is often accepted when conducting statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

A)   .1
B)   .05
C)   .5
D)   .001

Question 15

In order to determine the effects of a specific drug on the treatment of childhood asthma, randomized controlled trials are usually conducted. Which of the following statistical methods will provide the best conclusions for the trials conducted?

Accepted Answer

A)   Patient survey
B)   Meta-analysis
C)   Observational study
D)   Standardized t-test

Question 16

Which of the following statements would be considered a two-tailed hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   A female doctor will be more empathetic than her male counterpart.
B)   As rates of immunization for measles increase, the incidence of measles will decrease.
C)   It is clear that there is a relationship between a healthy balanced diet and feelings of well-being.
D)   The use of antibiotics will not impact the progression of a viral infection.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about a 95% confidence interval of the mean of a given sample

Accepted Answer

A)   95 out of 100 sample means will fall within the limits of the confidence interval.
B)   There is a 95% chance that the population mean will fall within the limits of the confidence interval.
C)   95 out of 100 population means will fall within the limits of the confidence interval.
D)   There is a .05 probability that the population mean falls within the limits of the confidence interval.

Question 18

If we calculated an effect size and found it was r = .42, which expression would best describe the size of effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Small
B)   Small to medium
C)   Large
D)   Medium to large D

Question 19

What is the significance of data that fall within confidence intervals?

Accepted Answer

A)   It reflects the national average.
B)   It reflects statistical significance.
C)   It reflects a true value of the predicted weight.
D)   It is most likely to be similar to all the values that are contained within the range.

Question 20

The standard deviation is the square root of

Accepted Answer

A)   The coefficient of determination
B)   The sum of squares
C)   The variance
D)   The range C

Exam 2: The Spine of Statistics

Which of the following terms best describes the sentence: 'In a blind tasting, people will not be able to tell the difference between margarine and butter'?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the scores on a test have a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4, what is the z-score for a score of 18?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The aim of experimental research is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a significance level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A frequency distribution in which low scores are most frequent (i.e., bars on the graph are highest on the left hand side) is said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

'Sleep deprivation will reduce the ability to perform a complex cognitive task'. State the direction of this hypothesis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A null hypothesis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following results of studies undertaken, which is considered to have been a Type II error?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following statements best describes the value of an 'effect size' to research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Type I error is when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The significance of probability is usually expressed as a value occurring somewhere between 0 and 1. Which of the following would be considered the most highly significant in statistical terms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these statements about statistical power is not true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A standard deviation that has a value of 0 is best explained by which of the following statements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the conventional level of probability that is often accepted when conducting statistical tests?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to determine the effects of a specific drug on the treatment of childhood asthma, randomized controlled trials are usually conducted. Which of the following statistical methods will provide the best conclusions for the trials conducted?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements would be considered a two-tailed hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about a 95% confidence interval of the mean of a given sample

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If we calculated an effect size and found it was r = .42, which expression would best describe the size of effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What is the significance of data that fall within confidence intervals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The standard deviation is the square root of

Correct AnswerverifiedC

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A

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D

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C