Question 1

Although pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and no more ATP is generated by fermentation of pyruvate to ethanol,yeast produce ethanol under anaerobic conditions because

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate export requires more energy than ethanol export.
B)  electrons (and protons) are then added to ethanol to make lactate.
C)  transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate to make ethanol regenerates NAD+,which is necessary for new rounds of glycolysis to proceed.
D)  glycolysis substrate-level phosphorylation changes pyruvate to ethanol.
E)  pyruvate to ethanol fermentation decreases deleterious CO2 levels.

Question 2

________ organisms can function in an aerobic or anaerobic environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ organisms can function in an aerobic...

Question 3

A phosphoanhydride bond

Accepted Answer

A)  is a high-energy bond.
B)  has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of −7.3 kcal/mol.
C)  is broken by hydrolysis.
D)  links two phosphate groups.
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 4

In the first step of glycolysis,glucose can be phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate,because

Accepted Answer

A)  a phosphoanhydride bond has higher energy of hydrolysis than is required for formation of a phosphoester bond.
B)  transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glucose is endergonic.
C)  the reaction does not require an enzyme.
D)  the reaction is highly reversible.
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 5

Aldolase breaks down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two trioses that are

Accepted Answer

A)  identical.
B)  each doubly phosphorylated.
C)  identical and each doubly phosphorylated.
D)  different and each doubly phosphorylated.
E)  different and each singly phosphorylated.

Question 6

The ________ links lactate produced by fermentation in muscle cells with gluconeogenesis in liver cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ links lactate produced by fermentation...

Question 7

The ATP "high-energy" or "energy-rich" bonds are which of the following types of bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphoester
B)  phosphoanhydride
C)  hydrogen
D)  ionic
E)  monophosphate

Question 8

Oxidation reactions in biological systems generally involve

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of electrons and hydrogen ions.
B)  loss of electrons and hydrogen ions.
C)  addition of electrons and loss of hydrogen ions.
D)  loss of electrons and addition of hydrogen ions.
E)  loss of electrons and either addition or loss of hydrogen ions.

Question 9

________ is the enzyme that hydrolyzes ________ in dairy products into glucose and galactose.Absence of the enzyme may cause cramps and diarrhea in a condition called ________.

Accepted Answer

Lactase; l...

Question 10

Reduction is the addition of ________,which usually is accompanied by addition of protons in a process called ________ in biological systems.

Accepted Answer

electrons;...

Question 11

A temporary oxygen deficit during strenuous exercise causes a muscle to

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesize muscle proteins in response to steroid hormone stimulation.
B)  synthesize glycogen.
C)  ferment pyruvate to lactate.
D)  switch to aerobic glycolysis.
E)  synthesize more NAD+.

Question 12

During the process of glycolysis,which of the following substrates donates electrons to NAD+ and adds Pi to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

Accepted Answer

A)  3-phosphoglycerate
B)  2-phosphoglycerate
C)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
D)  glucose
E)  glucose-6-phosphate

Question 13

The loss of a(n)________ increases entropy during hydrolysis of ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The loss of a(n)________ increases entropy during...

Question 14

Glycolysis is a ________-step reaction sequence that converts glucose into ________ and generates a net total of ________ ATPs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycolysis is a ________-step reaction sequence that...

Question 15

________ is the most common coenzyme involved in energy metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the most common coenzyme involved...

Question 16

During glycolysis,aldolase catalyzes the breakdown of fructose-1,6 bisphosphate to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphoenolpyruvate.
B)  dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
C)  fructose-6-phosphate.
D)  A and B.
E)  B and C.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP.
B)  NAD+ accepts electrons.
C)  NADH accepts electrons during fermentation.
D)  NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation.
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 18

Each of the following is a substrate for glycolysis except

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose.
B)  mannose.
C)  lactose.
D)  fructose.
E)  All are substrates for glycolysis.

Question 19

Consider the three phases of glycolysis: 
(1) preparation and cleavage (Gly-1 to Gly-5) 
(2) oxidation (Gly-6 to Gly-7) 
(3) pyruvate formation (Gly-8 to Gly-10) 
Which of these phases produces ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  1 and 2
E)  2 and 3

Question 20

Glycolytic enzymes are known to function in each of the following processes except

Accepted Answer

A)  transcriptional regulation.
B)  gluconeogenesis.
C)  apoptosis regulation.
D)  oxygen reduction to form water.
E)  coordination of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.

Exam 9: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldolase breaks down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two trioses that are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reduction is the addition of ________,which usually is accompanied by addition of protons in a process called ________ in biological systems.

Correct Answerverifiedelectrons;...View AnswerShow Answer

Each of the following is a substrate for glycolysis except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the process of glycolysis,which of the following substrates donates electrons to NAD+ and adds Pi to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is the enzyme that hydrolyzes ________ in dairy products into glucose and galactose.Absence of the enzyme may cause cramps and diarrhea in a condition called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedLactase; l...View AnswerShow Answer

A temporary oxygen deficit during strenuous exercise causes a muscle to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During glycolysis,aldolase catalyzes the breakdown of fructose-1,6 bisphosphate to produce

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the first step of glycolysis,glucose can be phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate,because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loss of a(n)________ increases entropy during hydrolysis of ATP.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glycolytic enzymes are known to function in each of the following processes except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ organisms can function in an aerobic or anaerobic environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A phosphoanhydride bond

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and no more ATP is generated by fermentation of pyruvate to ethanol,yeast produce ethanol under anaerobic conditions because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxidation reactions in biological systems generally involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ links lactate produced by fermentation in muscle cells with gluconeogenesis in liver cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider the three phases of glycolysis: (1) preparation and cleavage (Gly-1 to Gly-5) (2) oxidation (Gly-6 to Gly-7) (3) pyruvate formation (Gly-8 to Gly-10) Which of these phases produces ATP?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ATP "high-energy" or "energy-rich" bonds are which of the following types of bond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glycolysis is a ________-step reaction sequence that converts glucose into ________ and generates a net total of ________ ATPs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is the most common coenzyme involved in energy metabolism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD⁺/NADH in glycolysis?

Correct Answer
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Reduction is the addition of ,which usually is accompanied by addition of protons in a process called in biological systems.

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electrons;...
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During the process of glycolysis,which of the following substrates donates electrons to NAD⁺ and adds P_i to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

Correct Answer
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is the enzyme that hydrolyzes in dairy products into glucose and galactose.Absence of the enzyme may cause cramps and diarrhea in a condition called .

Correct Answer
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Lactase; l...
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Glycolysis is a -step reaction sequence that converts glucose into and generates a net total of ATPs.

Correct Answer
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