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Experiments that are done inside a living cell are described by the Latin term


A) in vino.
B) in vito.
C) in vivo.
D) in vitro.

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Many cancers have a mutation that changes a valine to a glutamic acid in the RAF kinase protein which phosphorylates proteins that promote cell division.This mutant protein is a constitutively active kinase.What type of allele is this mutant allele?


A) hypomorphic allele
B) hypermorphic allele
C) null allele
D) antimorphic allele

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A tRNA with the anticodon sequence 5′ IUC 3′ will not normally exist because


A) 5′ GAU 3′ and 5′ GAC 3′ specify asparagine, but 5′ GAA 3′ specifies glutamic acid.
B) 5′ GAU 3′ and 5′ GAC 3′ specify different amino acids.
C) I is not a base present in tRNAs.
D) 5′ GAU 3′ and 5′ GAC 3′ both specify asparagine.

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A prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit is composed of


A) tRNA and protein.
B) mRNA and protein.
C) rRNA and protein.
D) only proteins folded together.
E) only rRNAs folded together.

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The DNA sequence 5′ ATGGGGGACACC 3′ encodes the amino acids Met Gly Asp Thr.A mutation changes the sequence to 5′ ATGGGTGACACC 3′, but the same amino acids are encoded.What type of mutation has occurred?


A) frameshift mutation
B) missense mutation
C) silent mutation
D) nonsense mutation

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A mutation that is characterized by a change in the DNA sequence, but no change in the resulting protein sequence, is a


A) frameshift mutation.
B) missense mutation.
C) silent mutation.
D) nonsense mutation.

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A large deletion removes the promoter and first three exons of a gene.No mRNA or protein is detected.What type of allele is this mutant allele?


A) hypomorphic allele
B) hypermorphic allele
C) null allele
D) antimorphic allele

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When the anticodon of a tRNA and the codon of an mRNA interact, the two sequences are


A) identical.
B) antiparallel.
C) parallel.
D) not related.

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The DNA sequence 5′ ATGGGGGACACC 3′ encodes the amino acids Met Gly Asp Thr.A mutation changes the sequence to 5′ ATGGGGAACACC 3′ that encodes the amino acids Met Gly Asn Thr.What type of mutation has occurred?


A) frameshift mutation
B) missense mutation
C) silent mutation
D) nonsense mutation

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The sequences found in a mature eukaryotic mRNAs are


A) extremes.
B) exons.
C) inclusions.
D) introns.
E) spliceosomes.

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The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information as


A) Protein-RNA-DNA.
B) DNA-RNA-Protein.
C) RNA-DNA-Protein.
D) DNA-Protein-RNA.

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A mutation that changes a codon sequence, and subsequently changes the amino acid that should have been placed at that point in the polypeptide chain, is a


A) frameshift mutation.
B) missense mutation.
C) silent mutation.
D) nonsense mutation.

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A DNA sequence 5′ ATGGGGGACACC 3′ encodes the amino acids Met Gly Asp Thr.A mutation changes the sequence to 5′ ATGAGGGGACACC 3′ that encodes the amino acids Met Arg Gly His.What type of mutation has occurred?


A) frameshift mutation
B) missense mutation
C) silent mutation
D) nonsense mutation

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The retroviruses, including HIV, are unique because they use


A) replication.
B) reverse transcription.
C) splicing.
D) reverse translation.
E) posttranslational modification.

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The wobble base of a tRNA is


A) the 5′ base of the anticodon.
B) the 3′ base of the anticodon.
C) the 5′ base of the codon.
D) any base in the anticodon.

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The appearance of a novel phenotype resulting from the substitution of a single base pair might be due to


A) a change in the amino acid sequence.
B) a change in the amount of protein expressed.
C) an alteration in a gene that codes for a nontranslated RNA.
D) a change in the developmental time or location at which a gene is expressed.
E) All of the choices are possible consequences of a single base pair substitution.

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How many different amino acids could be encoded by the synthetic mRNA sequence 5' UGCUGCUGC 3'?


A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 6

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An anticodon of sequence 5′ GUA 3′ will recognize the codon sequence


A) 5′ GTA 3′.
B) 5′ UAC 3′.
C) 5′ CAU 3′.
D) 5′ AUG 3′.
E) None of the codon sequences are correct.

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A codon is a three-base sequence of


A) mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
B) rRNA that codes for an amino acid.
C) tRNA that codes for an amino acid.
D) mRNA or tRNA that codes for an amino acid.

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A mutation that changes a codon that originally coded for an amino acid into a stop codon is a


A) frameshift mutation.
B) missense mutation.
C) silent mutation.
D) nonsense mutation.

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