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Consciousness is best defined as


A) one's subjective experiences of the external world and one's mental activity.
B) one's ability to objectively pay attention to important information.
C) moving from a state of sleep to a state of wakefulness.
D) processing of sensory information without full awareness.

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Some types of depressant drugs are specifically used for


A) creating intense feelings of pleasure.
B) increasing heart rate.
C) increasing mental activity.
D) relieving worry.

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Elizabeth is awake and alert while playing a video game.Her brain activity will most likely be characterized by ________ waves.


A) alpha
B) beta
C) theta
D) delta

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Methamphetamine increases the concentration of dopamine in the synapse,just like another stimulant,called


A) cocaine.
B) MDMA.
C) alcohol.
D) heroin.

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Describe the three reasons that sleeping is adaptive and beneficial for humans.

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Researchers have found that sleep is ada...

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The central factor that contributes to the development of addiction is ________ activity in the ________.


A) serotonin;limbic system
B) serotonin;hindbrain
C) dopamine;limbic system
D) dopamine;hindbrain

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A) Describe the gender-related differences in alcohol consumption detailed in the textbook. B) Describe how these gender differences changed in different situations or environments.

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There is a gender gap between men and wo...

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When Terry stopped using a certain prescription drug,he got very anxious and had severe headaches.Terry's experience is most likely a result of


A) tolerance.
B) psychological dependence.
C) withdrawal.
D) addiction.

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REM sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT


A) increased brain activity.
B) dreaming.
C) body paralysis.
D) K-complexes.

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Esther dreams that she is swimming.Following Freud's perspective,Esther's therapist suggests that her dream represents a hidden unconscious desire for sexual intimacy.Accordingly,the therapist would most likely conclude that


A) in the dream the images of swimming were the manifest content.
B) in the dream the images of swimming were the latent content.
C) random neural activity resulted in the unconscious sexual desire.
D) random neural activity caused the images about swimming.

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Your roommate says that you seem to wake up dozens of times in the night,gasping for air,but you are totally unaware of it.Based on this information,you may be experiencing


A) narcolepsy.
B) somnambulism.
C) REM behavior disorder.
D) sleep apnea.

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What do meditation and hypnosis have in common?


A) They both promote physical health.
B) They both occur in social contexts.
C) They both involve altered states of consciousness.
D) They both enhance short-term memory.

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Isaiah has been playing football for years,and he has sustained several severe concussions that have led to traumatic brain injury (TBI) .TBI could cause all of the following for Isaiah EXCEPT


A) negative effects on his memory system.
B) increased risk of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome.
C) personality changes.
D) increased risk of depression.

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Sienna is giving an oral presentation in her political science class where she must talk to her classmates.When she is speaking during her presentation it is most likely that her ________ lobe in her ________ hemisphere is very active.


A) temporal;right
B) temporal;left
C) parietal;right
D) parietal;left

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The part of the brain that is NOT involved in maintaining sleep/wake cycles is the


A) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
B) pineal gland.
C) hypothalamus.
D) hippocampus.

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When Marisol is running during marathons she gets a runner's high.During these times she most likely experiences


A) an altered state of consciousness.
B) dopamine release in the brain.
C) automatic processing of the running itself.
D) a shift in her breathing pattern.

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Which of the following is NOT associated with an altered state of consciousness?


A) runner's high
B) religious ecstasy
C) automatic processing
D) flow state

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Which of the following actions does NOT typically happen during sleep?


A) analyzing danger
B) controlling body movements
C) finding comfortable body positions
D) experiencing conscious awareness

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Which of the following is NOT associated with an altered state of consciousness?


A) intensely concentrating during an enjoyable activity
B) receiving a posthypnotic suggestion that affects behavior
C) talking on the phone while taking a walk
D) practicing mindfulness meditation

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Angie had brain surgery.Although she can function quite normally,she is unable to verbally report the name of an object that is shown to her left visual field.However,when the same object is shown to her right visual field,she can verbally name the object.Based on this information,Angie's brain surgery likely involved severing the


A) corpus callosum.
B) temporal lobe.
C) frontal lobe.
D) left hemisphere.

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