Exam 1: What Is Biological Anthropology

A) They ate wild animals, fish, and wild plants.
B) They ate bison and salmon.
C) They were vegetarians and ate wild plants exclusively.
D) They ate mostly fruit.

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A) relies on making hunches about the natural world.
B) involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing.
C) is used to support preconceived notions or theories.
D) seeks to establish the absolute scientific truth.

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A) A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence.
B) A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.
C) A theory is an explanation that has been carefully examined and tested.
D) A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis.

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A) were primarily fishermen.
B) had adopted maize agriculture.
C) became the first farmers of the region.
D) were vegetarians by choice.

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The scientific method includes an observ...

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The response should include discussions ...

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A) a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.
B) often species with a long snout.
C) diverse species that live in various types of environments.
D) diverse species that live in various types of environments AND a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.

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A) their biological makeups, which primarily define who they are.
B) both evolutionary history and their own individual life histories.
C) what their genes make them; environment has very little effect.
D) their environment; genes have very little effect.

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A) requires the use of chemicals, excavation tools, or measuring tools.
B) uses data to help fill gaps in knowledge about how the natural world operates.
C) is practiced by scholars working in humanities departments at universities.
D) involves the study of the past.

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A) They became sedentary and had less food to eat because they stayed in the same area.
B) They became sedentary and consumed more corn, which caused dental disease due to its high sugar content.
C) They became sedentary and did not have enough exercise to keep their bodies fit and healthy.
D) They continued as nomads, but loss of animals due to climate change created a decline in their food source.

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The six distinguishing features of humanity are bipedalism, nonhoning chewing, complex material culture and tool use, hunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated food.The commitment to walking on two legs is usually considered the most profound physical difference between humans and other primates.After bipedalism, according to the fossil record, the large honing canine tooth was lost as a result of the ability to make and use tools for processing food.Culture, pervasive for humans, is defined in the text as learned behavior, transmitted from person to person, that facilitates survival through adaptation to varied settings.Material culture is the part of culture that is expressed as objects that humans use to manipulate our environment.The archaeological record of past cultures' material remains goes back to the simple rock tools that date from 2.5 mya.Humans require some form of technology to regulate temperature, acquire food, and so on in our varied environments.Some chimpanzees and other primates have simple material culture and even nonmaterial culture.Humans' other key attributes-hunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated foods-appeared much later in human evolution.Hunting refers to cooperative hunting, which likely emerged 1 million or more years ago.Speech is very distinctive of humans but difficult to pinpoint in the fossil record.Domestication of foods is the most recently developed unique human behavior, usually traced to 10,000 years ago.Increasing dependence on culture for survival makes us quite distinct among species and necessitates a biocultural approach to both human origins and human behavior.

A) physiology, culture, and planning
B) biology, culture, and religion
C) physiology, behavior, and religion
D) biology, culture, and behavior

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A) potential for life on other planets.
B) the interaction between domestic animals and disease.
C) extinct and living species of primates.
D) changes in marine life.

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A) poor health, reduced height, and shortened life expectancy.
B) poor speech and excessive eating habits.
C) poor reading comprehension.
D) an inability to think critically and develop long-term planning.

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A) was the first evolutionary development that distinguished humans from other animals.
B) was possible only after the advent of simple material culture.
C) followed brain expansion in human evolution.
D) allowed hominids to come out of the trees and make tools 10 million years ago (mya) .

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A) another word for a theory.
B) a testable statement that potentially explains specific phenomena observed in the natural world.
C) a statement concerning scientific facts assumed to be true.
D) unable to be refuted by future investigations.

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A) biological anthropology
B) archaeology
C) linguistic anthropology
D) cultural anthropology

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A) has been upheld by subsequent scientific data on human origins.
B) was developed in consultation with genetic and fossil evidence.
C) has been rejected recently subsequent to new fossil evidence.
D) has become a scientific law.

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A