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The two critical elements of the Executive Office of the President are the ______.


A) National Security Council and the Bureau of the Budget
B) Office of Management and Budget and the White House Office
C) Congressional Budget Office and the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts
D) White House Travel Office and the Office of Personnel Management

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The constitutional foundations of the veto ______.


A) allow the President the absolute authority to block congressional actions and completely dominate the national agenda
B) represent a carefully tailored authority to check legislative abuses while denying the executive unilateral authority
C) are not carefully delineated in the Constitution so its use is ambiguous
D) allow the President to aggressively use the veto to block legislative action

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While executive actions may have the force of law, they lack ______.


A) support
B) neutrality
C) flexibility
D) permanence

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Which of the following has been instrumental in checking a presidents use of executive orders?


A) the courts
B) the House
C) the Senate
D) the states

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Which of the following statements about presidential management is accurate?


A) To foster the best possible atmosphere, presidents try to maintain a collegial style.
B) Since the establishment of the White House Office, every president has utilized a Chief of Staff to maintain order and discipline.
C) Even with the chief of staff system modern presidents use, every recent president has experienced serious staffing problems that have erupted into public controversy, if not scandal.
D) The relatively small size of the President's staff makes it easy for presidents to supervise and get the information they need.

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Which of the following direct agencies to take specific actions as if the president were supervising its activities?


A) executive orders
B) signing statements
C) executive actions
D) presidential memorandum

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In 1937, the President's Committee on Administrative Management, also known as the Brownlow Committee, concluded its detailed analysis of the state of the presidency with which of the following?


A) "The President needs help."
B) "There is no need to expand the administrative capabilities of the presidency."
C) "The President can no longer be subjected to congressional budgetary control."
D) "There is a cancer on the presidency, that is growing."

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The size of the President's staff has generally remained small to promote effective oversight of executive branch activities.

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Signing statements are ______.


A) the text of the President's remarks when signing bills
B) the recommendations from the Office of Management and Budget about the budgetary impact of bills
C) declarations presidents sometimes issue when approving a bill that they will not enforce or implement certain provisions of a bill
D) the explanation the President provides when exercising his ability to strike out objectionable parts of bills that he signs into law

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Presidents justify their signing statements by arguing that provisions are unconstitutional either directly or by infringing on the discretionary prerogatives of the President.

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Veto threats ______.


A) must be credible, explicit, and public to be effective
B) are often communicated privately to Congress so that both sides can find room for compromise
C) are generally ineffective because members of Congress do not like presidents trying to tell them how to do their job
D) have declined in popularity as presidents have found other tools for influencing Congress

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What is the President's role in the budgetary process?

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Acts as a first mover, but no ...

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The modern presidency ______.


A) looks very much like the presidency of the 19th century
B) has evolved as constitutional amendments adding presidential power were ratified
C) is powerful because of the ability to require congressional consideration of the President's agenda
D) represents a cumulative product of the changing place of Washington in national policy and world affairs

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How does divided government affect the normal state of affairs in Washington?


A) It has had no effect since divided government has long been a feature of American politics.
B) Presidents are forced to work harder in their negotiations with Congress.
C) There is a zero-sum game as each side profits from the other side's failures.
D) Presidents are less likely to rely on their unilateral powers since Congress can easily overturn such actions.

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Which of the following types of presidential powers has been consistently used by President Trump to circumvent Congress?


A) vetoes
B) memorandum
C) signing statements
D) executive orders

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Congress's authority to declare war is, in most respects, a hollow check, for which of the following reasons?


A) Presidents can order an extended military engagement without a declaration of war.
B) The power to declare war is not explicitly in the Constitution.
C) A declaration of war must be submitted to the states for approval.
D) Congress must constitutionally defer to any declaration of war by a president with previous military experience.

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Which of the following statements about executive orders is accurate?


A) Executive orders are permanent and nearly impossible to change.
B) Executive orders are not laws because they are confined by the scope of discretion delegated to the President.
C) There are few disagreements on whether executive orders fall on the right side or wrong side of the Constitution's limitations.
D) Modern presidents generally do not issue many executive orders because they prefer that Congress pass laws so any decisions are permanent.

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What is the name of the strategy presidents use to promote their policies by engaging in intensive public relations to induce cooperation from other elected officeholders?


A) veto bargaining
B) plebiscitary politics
C) going public
D) home style

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The relationship between 19th-century presidents and their cabinets was based on which of the following?


A) loyalty
B) cabinet members being the successful bidders for their posts
C) reciprocity
D) the whim of the Senate

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While the modern presidency is a powerful office, its status in the constitute is subordinate to ______.


A) the federal legislature
B) the states
C) the American people
D) the Supreme Court

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