Question 1

The mutation responsible for Huntington's disease is a

Accepted Answer

A)  missense mutation.
B)  nonsense mutation.
C)  frameshift mutation.
D)  triplet repeat expansion mutation.

Question 2

During translation, the nucleotides that make up the mRNA are read in groups of three.These groups are called

Accepted Answer

A)  codons.
B)  anticodons.
C)  exons.
D)  introns.

Question 3

Most eukaryotic genes contain noncoding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with the coding sequences.

Accepted Answer

A)  introns
B)  exons
C)  codons
D)  spacers

Question 4

During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, what happens during RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The product of translation, called the primary transcript, is cut and some pieces are joined back together to form the mature mRNA.
B)  The product of transcription, called the primary transcript, is cut and some pieces are joined back together to form the mature tRNA.
C)  The product of transcription, called the secondary transcript, is cut and some pieces are joined back together to form the mature mRNA.
D)  The product of transcription, called the primary transcript, is cut and some pieces are joined back together to form the mature mRNA.

Question 5

During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, which molecule passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and specifies the sequence of amino acids in the new polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA
B)  RNA polymerase
C)  mRNA
D)  rRNA

Question 6

Within the transcription bubble, the 9 most recently added nucleotides in the newly synthesized RNA strand temporarily form a helix with the template DNA strand.How might transcription be affected if helix formation did not occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rewinding the DNA molecule would be inhibited.
B)  Unwinding the DNA molecule would be inhibited.
C)  The position of the 5' end of the RNA would be unstable, inhibiting elongation.
D)  The position of the 3' end of the RNA would be unstable, inhibiting elongation.

Question 7

Crick and his colleagues proposed that the genetic code consists of a series of blocks of information, called ______, each corresponding to one amino acid in an encoded protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  alleles
B)  codons
C)  genes
D)  polypeptides

Question 8

In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  on the surface of the nuclear membrane.
B)  on ribosomes.
C)  on spliceosomes.
D)  inside the nucleus.

Question 9

During ________, a ribosome assembles a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in a molecule of mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription
B)  translation
C)  replication
D)  posttranscriptional modification

Question 10

In eukaryotes, the 3' poly-A tail is attached to

Accepted Answer

A)  poly-A polymerase.
B)  mRNA.
C)  tRNA.
D)  the ribosome.

Question 11

The A, P, and E sites are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a polypeptide.These sites are part of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA.
B)  the large ribosomal subunit.
C)  mRNA.
D)  tRNA.

Question 12

Specific amino acids are attached to tRNA molecules by

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
B)  hydrogen bonds.
C)  anticodons.
D)  deactivating enzymes.

Question 13

What would happen if snRNPs did not recognize the branch point within an intron?

Accepted Answer

A)  A lariat would not form.
B)  snRNPs would not base-pair with the 5' end of the intron.
C)  A 3' poly A tail would not be added to the transcript.
D)  A 5' cap would not be added to the transcript.

Question 14

What is the likely consequence of a mutation that alters the branch point within an intron?

Accepted Answer

A)  no effect, since introns are not expressed
B)  failure to form a lariat
C)  failure of snRNPs to recognize the 5' end of intron
D)  no exon shuffling

Question 15

You are attempting to synthesize rRNA in a test tube using DNA isolated from mouse cells.In addition to the template DNA, ribonucleotides, and the necessary transcription factors, you should also add _________ to the test tube.

Accepted Answer

A)  poly-A polymerase
B)  RNA polymerase III
C)  RNA polymerase II
D)  RNA polymerase I

Question 16

The genetic code uses _________ nucleotide(s)  to specify one amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  one
B)  two
C)  three
D)  four

Question 17

How does DNA polymerase differ from RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only RNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing chain.
B)  Only RNA polymerase requires a primer.
C)  Only DNA polymerase uses a template DNA strand to direct synthesis of a new nucleotide strand.
D)  Only DNA polymerase has a proofreading ability.

Question 18

What is the first step during transcription initiation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the transcription bubble is formed
B)  RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
C)  the DNA double helix is unwound
D)  RNA polymerase synthesizes a short primer

Question 19

How would a large chromosomal inversion affect the expression of a gene if the gene is located between the two break points but no breaks occur within the gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  The inversion would probably have no effect on gene expression.
B)  The gene would not be transcribed because it would be oriented in the wrong direction.
C)  The gene would be transcribed in the 3' to 5' direction.
D)  The gene would be transcribed normally but the mRNA would be translated in the 3' to 5' direction.

Question 20

The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the information encoded in genes to synthesize

Accepted Answer

A)  codons.
B)  nucleotides.
C)  proteins.
D)  histones.

Exam 15: Genes and How They Work

You are attempting to synthesize rRNA in a test tube using DNA isolated from mouse cells.In addition to the template DNA, ribonucleotides, and the necessary transcription factors, you should also add _________ to the test tube.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During translation, the nucleotides that make up the mRNA are read in groups of three.These groups are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most eukaryotic genes contain noncoding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with the coding sequences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotes, the 3' poly-A tail is attached to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the information encoded in genes to synthesize

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The A, P, and E sites are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a polypeptide.These sites are part of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The genetic code uses _________ nucleotide(s) to specify one amino acid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crick and his colleagues proposed that the genetic code consists of a series of blocks of information, called ______, each corresponding to one amino acid in an encoded protein.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within the transcription bubble, the 9 most recently added nucleotides in the newly synthesized RNA strand temporarily form a helix with the template DNA strand.How might transcription be affected if helix formation did not occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, what happens during RNA splicing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would a large chromosomal inversion affect the expression of a gene if the gene is located between the two break points but no breaks occur within the gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, which molecule passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and specifies the sequence of amino acids in the new polypeptide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would happen if snRNPs did not recognize the branch point within an intron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Specific amino acids are attached to tRNA molecules by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does DNA polymerase differ from RNA polymerase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the likely consequence of a mutation that alters the branch point within an intron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mutation responsible for Huntington's disease is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the first step during transcription initiation in prokaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During ________, a ribosome assembles a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in a molecule of mRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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