Question 1

Compared to the distal tubule, the proximal tubule utilizes (more / less)ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to the distal tubule, the proximal...

Question 2

What condition(s) must exist for a solute to be passively reabsorbed from the renal tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  The solute must be able to permeate the membrane of the tubule epithelial cells, and the solute must be in greater concentration in the plasma than tubule fluid.
B)  The solute must be able to permeate the membrane of the tubule epithelial cells, and the solute must be in greater concentration in the tubule fluid than plasma.
C)  The solute must be able to permeate the membrane of the capillary endothelial cells, and the solute must be in greater concentration in the tubule fluid than plasma.
D)  The solute must be able to permeate the membrane of the capillary endothelial cells, and the solute must be in greater concentration in the plasma than tubule fluid.
E)  The solute must be able to permeate the membrane of the tubule epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells. Its concentration is irrelevant.

Question 3

The reabsorption of sodium and water occurs in a relatively unregulated manner in the proximal tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which capillaries branch from efferent arterioles of cortical nephrons and which branch from efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  interlobar and interlobular, respectively
B)  arcuate and peritubular, respectively
C)  peritubular and vasa recta, respectively
D)  cortical and juxtamedullary, respectively
E)  vasa recta and interlobular, respectively

Question 5

The smooth muscle of the bladder is (single- unit / multi- unit)smooth muscle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The smooth muscle of the bladder is...

Question 6

If the amount of a solute excreted in the urine per minute is less than the filtered load, then that solute had to have been (reabsorbed / secreted)in the renal tubules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the amount of a solute excreted...

Question 7

The macula densa consists of specialized cells of the distal tubule epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If the glomerular filtration rate is 150 mL/min, renal blood flow is 750 mL/min, and the plasma concentration of solute X is 10 ng/mL, then what is the filtration fraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  1500 ng/min
B)  50 ng/min
C)  20%
D)  75 ng/min
E)  10%

Question 9

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  lobular
B)  arcuate
C)  glomerulus
D)  peritubular
E)  vasa recta

Question 10

Filtration occurs across which capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriole
B)  peritubular capillary
C)  glomerulus
D)  vasa recta
E)  efferent arteriole

Question 11

Glucose is an important component of the blood that is usually completely reabsorbed (there is no glucose in the urine). Outline the process whereby glucose is transported across the tubular epithelial cells, including the concepts of transport maximum and renal threshold.

Accepted Answer

The transport of glucose by the proximal...

Question 12

Over what range of mean arterial pressure does glomerular filtration rate remain stable due to intrinsic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  80- 180 mm Hg
B)  80- 120 mm Hg
C)  70- 110 mm Hg
D)  50- 150 mm Hg
E)  80- 100 mm Hg

Question 13

The apical membranes of the tubular epithelial cells contain that increase the surface area for reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  a basement membrane
B)  tight junctions
C)  loose junctions
D)  microvilli
E)  mitochondria

Question 14

The micturition reflex is activated by the stretch of the bladder, which activates what?

Accepted Answer

A)  parasympathetic efferents
B)  stretch receptors
C)  sympathetic afferents
D)  parasympathetic afferents
E)  somatic afferents

Question 15

When carrier proteins are saturated, they are said to be working at what?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased affinity
B)  transport maximum
C)  increased capacity
D)  diminished capacity
E)  active reabsorptive state

Question 16

Which of the following describes movement from peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration
B)  excretion
C)  secretion
D)  reabsorption
E)  micturition

Question 17

Which tubule drains into the minor calyces?

Accepted Answer

A)  distal tubule
B)  loop of Henle
C)  collecting duct
D)  proximal tubule
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 18

During micturition, neural activity to sphincters or detrusor muscles from which of the following is increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  parasympathetic nervous system only
B)  sympathetic nervous system only
C)  somatic nervous system only
D)  both parasympathetic and somatic nervous systems
E)  both sympathetic and somatic nervous systems

Question 19

Once produced, urine travels through the  released into the external environment through the

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct : urethra
B)  urethra : ureter
C)  ureter : urethra
D)  renal hilus : ureter
E)  collecting duct : ureter

Question 20

What is the region of the kidney where the renal artery and vein enter?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla
B)  calyx
C)  columns
D)  hilus
E)  pyramids

Exam 18: The Urinary System: Renal Function

Which capillaries branch from efferent arterioles of cortical nephrons and which branch from efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reabsorption of sodium and water occurs in a relatively unregulated manner in the proximal tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to the distal tubule, the proximal tubule utilizes (more / less)ATP.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The macula densa consists of specialized cells of the distal tubule epithelium.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which tubule drains into the minor calyces?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The apical membranes of the tubular epithelial cells contain that increase the surface area for reabsorption.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Filtration occurs across which capillary bed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When carrier proteins are saturated, they are said to be working at what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the region of the kidney where the renal artery and vein enter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the amount of a solute excreted in the urine per minute is less than the filtered load, then that solute had to have been (reabsorbed / secreted)in the renal tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the glomerular filtration rate is 150 mL/min, renal blood flow is 750 mL/min, and the plasma concentration of solute X is 10 ng/mL, then what is the filtration fraction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The smooth muscle of the bladder is (single- unit / multi- unit)smooth muscle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During micturition, neural activity to sphincters or detrusor muscles from which of the following is increased?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once produced, urine travels through the released into the external environment through the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The micturition reflex is activated by the stretch of the bladder, which activates what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What condition(s) must exist for a solute to be passively reabsorbed from the renal tubules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over what range of mean arterial pressure does glomerular filtration rate remain stable due to intrinsic regulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose is an important component of the blood that is usually completely reabsorbed (there is no glucose in the urine). Outline the process whereby glucose is transported across the tubular epithelial cells, including the concepts of transport maximum and renal threshold.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe transport of glucose by the proximal...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following describes movement from peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The transport of glucose by the proximal...
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