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Exam 25: Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-Base Homeostasis

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Question 51

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Identify the major extracellular and intracellular cations.

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The most abundant extracellula...

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Question 52

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The following represents the main locations fluids are found in the human body. Rank these body fluids in order from the fluid that accounts for ^most in the human body to the fluid that accounts for the least.

A) cytosol (intracellular fluid) , plasma, interstitial fluid
B) plasma, cytosol (intracellular fluid) , interstitial fluid
C) interstitial fluid, cytosol (intracellular fluid) , plasma
D) cytosol (intracellular fluid) , interstitial fluid, plasma

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Question 53

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Which of the following is an excess accumulation of interstitial fluid?

Metabolic water (or water of oxidation) amounts to a total gain of about 250 ml of water per day.

Match the following with the appropriate acid -base imbalance or compensation. A)metabolic acidosis B) respiratory acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis -Respiratory compensation for this acid ^-base balance occurs via hypoventilation.

Where are the majority of calcium ions stored in the body?

Discuss some causes of hyponatremia.

Identify the role of the urinary system in acid ^-base balance. 1. The kidneys can secrete bicarbonate ions when the pH of the blood rises. 2) The kidneys contribute to acid ^-base balance by excreting fixed acids that the lungs cannot excrete. 3) The kidneys can manufacture new bicarbonate ions when the pH of the blood falls. 4) The kidneys contribute to acid ^-base balance by controlling the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood.

What leads to metabolic alkalosis?

Hyperventilation is the cause of an acid ^-base imbalance known as:

Hyperventilation is the compensation for an acid ^-base imbalance known as:

Discuss the two fluid compartments and the percentage of water each compartment contributes to total body water.

The pH of the blood primarily depends upon a normal concentration of:

Match the following with the appropriate acid -base imbalance or compensation. A)metabolic acidosis B) respiratory acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis -The main compensatory mechanism for this acid ^-base imbalance is hyperventilation.

What maintains the potassium ion concentration in the cytosol of cells?

What condition accompanies overhydration, or hypotonic hydration?

Through what two systems are carbon dioxide eliminated from the body?

Explain why potassium ion imbalances are less affected by water imbalances than sodium ions.

What is the most potent stimulus of the thirst mechanism?

Discuss the compensation for metabolic alkalosis.