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The gestation period is approximately:


A) 2 weeks.
B) 340 days.
C) 280 days.
D) 120 days.

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What process starts at the embryonic period?


A) fertilization
B) formation of the blastula
C) implantation
D) gastrulation

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Determine the series of hormonal events that leads to birth. 1) Oxytocin stimulates the placenta to secrete prostaglandins. 2) Fetal cortisol stimulates the placenta to secrete estrogen. 3) Prostaglandins dilate the cervix,and with oxytocin,increase the strength of uterine contractions 4) The high estrogen level stimulates the uterus to form oxytocin receptors.


A) 1,4,2,3
B) 2,4,3,1
C) 2,4,1,3
D) 1,3,2,4

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Which of the following does NOT occur during the embryonic period?


A) implantation
B) gastrulation
C) organogenesis
D) formation of the placenta

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Discuss morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum.

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Morning sickness is accompanied by nause...

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When environmental factors influence gene expression,this is referred to as:


A) multiple alleles.
B) codominance.
C) polygenic inheritance.
D) multifactorial inheritance.

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The pre-embryonic period starts with a process called gastrulation.

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What does the ectoderm form?


A) internal epithelial layer of the urinary system
B) gonads and kidneys
C) internal epithelial layer of the digestive system
D) neural plate and neural tube

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After birth,the mother may lose excess fluids as a discharge from the uterus known as:


A) colostrum.
B) lochia.
C) lactation.
D) meconium.

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By what week of prenatal development will the placenta be established?


A) week 4
B) week 8
C) week 12
D) week 16

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Which fetal hormone initiates labor?


A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) prolactin
D) cortisol

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The organ systems rudimentarily form during the:


A) fetal period.
B) neo-natal period.
C) embryonic period.
D) pre-embryonic period.

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In the case of blood types,both alleles A and B may be expressed as the phenotype.This exemplifies:


A) polygenic inheritance.
B) incomplete dominance.
C) codominance.
D) sex-linked inheritance.

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Explain how the processes of gastrulation and organogenesis are related.

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Gastrulation is the rearrangement and mi...

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List the periods of prenatal development.

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The periods of the prenatal de...

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Which part of the embryo contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta?


A) trophoblast
B) hypoblast
C) inner cell mass
D) epiblast

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A pregnant woman typically needs about 300 extra calories each day to support both herself and the fetus.

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From what do both lanugo and the vernix caseosa protect the fetus?


A) amniotic fluid
B) fat
C) blood
D) urine

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Which hormone makes the medullary respiratory center more sensitive to carbon dioxide levels during pregnancy?


A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D) relaxin

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Describe what is housed within the umbilical cord.

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The umbilical cord connects the center o...

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