Question 1

When aldosterone release is inhibited,sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a runner has completed a very long marathon
B)  a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids
C)  the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions
D)  a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction

Question 3

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis
B)  respiratory alkalosis
C)  metabolic alkalosis
D)  respiratory acidosis

Question 4

After completing a marathon on a particularly warm day,Dave consumes four liters of water.Soon after,he begins to feel nauseous and starts vomiting.What is likely happening to Dave?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoproteinemia; unusually low levels of plasma proteins
B)  obligatory water loss
C)  dehydration
D)  hyponatremia; very low extracellular sodium ion concentration

Question 5

When the blood becomes hypertonic (too many solutes),antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is released.What is the effect of ADH on the kidney tubules?

Accepted Answer

The release of ADH causes the ...

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a disorder of water balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotonic hydration,in which sodium content is normal but water content is high
B)  excessive hydration due to excess atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion
C)  edema or tissue swelling,which is usually due to an increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D)  excess water in interstitial spaces due to a low level of plasma proteins

Question 7

List and describe three stimuli that activate the hypothalamic thirst center.

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors detect ECF os...

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical buffers
B)  renal mechanisms
C)  respiratory changes
D)  diet

Question 9

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO3- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Accepted Answer

The pH and bicarbonate levels and the history of alcoholism indicate metabolic acidosis.With a pH below 7.0,the patient will go into a coma and death soon follows.

Question 10

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids
B)  aldosterone
C)  water levels
D)  ADH B

Question 11

Weak acids are able to act as chemical buffering systems for the body because they only partially dissociate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming overly agitated
B)  a rise in plasma osmolality
C)  drinking caffeinated beverages
D)  a dry mouth from high temperatures

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffer system?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate
B)  bicarbonate
C)  protein
D)  nucleic acid

Question 14

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Thirst is always a reliable indicator of body water need.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  always involves filtration
B)  is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
C)  requires active transport
D)  requires ATP for the transport to take place B

Question 17

Most acidic substances (hydrogen ions)originate as by-products of cellular metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What provides the shortest-term mechanism for preventing acid-base imbalances in the body? The longest-term mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Chemical buffers act within a fraction o...

Question 19

The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma
B)  cerebrospinal fluid
C)  interstitial fluid
D)  intracellular fluid

Question 20

Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphoteric
B)  metabolic
C)  compensatory
D)  volatile

Exam 26: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

When aldosterone release is inhibited,sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After completing a marathon on a particularly warm day,Dave consumes four liters of water.Soon after,he begins to feel nauseous and starts vomiting.What is likely happening to Dave?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the blood becomes hypertonic (too many solutes),antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is released.What is the effect of ADH on the kidney tubules?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe release of ADH causes the ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a disorder of water balance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List and describe three stimuli that activate the hypothalamic thirst center.

Correct AnswerverifiedHypothalamic osmoreceptors detect ECF os...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO3- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe pH and bicarbonate levels and the history of alcoholism indicate metabolic acidosis.With a pH below 7.0,the patient will go into a coma and death soon follows.

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Weak acids are able to act as chemical buffering systems for the body because they only partially dissociate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffer system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thirst is always a reliable indicator of body water need.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Most acidic substances (hydrogen ions)originate as by-products of cellular metabolism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What provides the shortest-term mechanism for preventing acid-base imbalances in the body? The longest-term mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedChemical buffers act within a fraction o...View AnswerShow Answer

The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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The release of ADH causes the ...
View Answer

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Hypothalamic osmoreceptors detect ECF os...
View Answer

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The pH and bicarbonate levels and the history of alcoholism indicate metabolic acidosis.With a pH below 7.0,the patient will go into a coma and death soon follows.

Correct Answer
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B

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B

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Chemical buffers act within a fraction o...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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