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Exam 19: Viruses

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Question 1

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Will treating a viral infection with antibiotics affect the course of the infection?

A) No; antibiotics work by inhibiting enzymes specific to bacteria. Antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic or virally encoded enzymes.
B) No; antibiotics do not kill viruses because viruses do not have DNA or RNA.
C) Yes; antibiotics activate the immune system, and this decreases the severity of the infection.
D) Yes; antibiotics can prevent viral entry into the cell by binding to host-receptor proteins.

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Question 2

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Which of the following statements is correct regarding viral infections in plants?

A) They can be controlled with antibiotics.
B) They can spread within a plant via plasmodesmata.
C) They have little effect on plant growth.
D) They are not spread by animals.

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Question 3

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Why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutation?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (λ) phage?

The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that vertical transmission is ________.

RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because

A population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a ________.

Use the figure to answer the question. In the figure, at the arrow marked II, what enzyme is being utilized?

A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) . The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. What would you expect to happen to the plants that were sprayed with the mixture?

In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. Therefore, which of the following regulation mechanisms would you expect of the genes of a bacteriophage?

To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus would have to

Which of the following processes within viral replication is the greatest source of genetic variation in RNA virus populations?

What is difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which of the three types of viruses shown would you expect to include glycoproteins?

Which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell?

Use the following information to answer the question. The herpes viruses are important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. Some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus (VSV) , causing chicken pox and shingles. Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. Primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. The virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others. If scientists are trying to use what they know about the herpes simplex virus to devise a means of protecting other people from being infected, which of the following treatments would have the best chance of lowering the number of new cases of infection?

What are prions?

A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is reverse transcribed into complementary DNA, is referred to as a ________.

Which of the following statements supports the argument that viruses are nonliving?

Refer to the treatments listed to answer the question. You isolate an infectious substance capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, or prion. You have four methods at your disposal to analyze the substance and determine the nature of the infectious agent. I.Treat the substance with enzymes that destroy all nucleic acids, and then determine whether the substance is still infectious. II.Filter the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope. III.Culture the substance on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells. IV.Treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins, and then determine whether the substance is still infectious. If you already know that the infectious agent was either bacterial or viral, which method(s) listed above would allow you to distinguish between these two possibilities?