A) a traditional nuclear family
B) a nontraditional dynamic family
C) a blended family
D) an extended family
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A) anxiety and depression
B) antisocial tendencies in adolescence
C) animosity toward others
D) low self-esteem
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Multiple Choice
A) parental warmth and acceptance
B) guidance or discipline by the parents
C) both warmth and discipline are important, although the two factors are independent
D) parental warmth is important only when the parents have a strict disciplinary style
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A) They are bossy, impulsive, aggressive, and low in achievement.
B) They are self-reliant, socially responsible, bossy, and achievement oriented.
C) They are unfriendly, moody, easily annoyed, and selfish.
D) They are aggressive, hostile, selfish, and rebellious.
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A) extended
B) nuclear
C) subsystematic
D) blended
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A) that of the children in response to societal norms
B) that of parents toward the children
C) that of the children toward their parents
D) that of the parents in response to societal norms
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A) They fear intimacy and withdraw from relationships.
B) They do not find happiness in love relationships.
C) They are pessimistic about the success of their own marriages.
D) They are optimistic that their own marriage will be successful.
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A) It has steadily increased.
B) It has recently risen, after initially decreasing.
C) It has steadily decreased.
D) It has recently decreased, after initially rising.
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A) It is necessary for optimal social and cognitive development.
B) It prevents children from becoming selfish and egocentric.
C) It threatens a child's sense of emotional security and instrumental competence.
D) It has some advantages but is not necessary for successful development.
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Multiple Choice
A) Older siblings tend to become more compliant, whereas younger siblings tend to become more dominant and aggressive.
B) Both the older and the younger siblings tend to become more dominant and less compliant.
C) Older brothers tend to become more dominant and aggressive, whereas older sisters tend to become more compliant.
D) Older siblings tend to become more dominant and aggressive, whereas younger siblings tend to become more compliant.
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A) psychological
B) sexual
C) physical
D) neglect
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A) Parents are responsive and children are free to express themselves.
B) Parents are reserved and aloof and children are ignored.
C) Parents are responsive and given considerable freedom within firm boundaries.
D) Parents are reserved and children are expected to exhibit strict obedience.
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A) a significant decrease in the divorce rate, followed by a slow rise at present
B) an increase by nearly a factor of 7 over the past 50 years
C) a steady, slow decrease over the past 50 years
D) a sudden one-year increase in the divorce rate, followed by a substantial decline
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Multiple Choice
A) They abuse all of their children equally.
B) They often target only one child in the family.
C) They interpret a child's normal distress as rejection.
D) They are of all races, ethnic groups, and social classes.
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A) mothers who give the older child extra, focused attention and are sympathetic to the older child's brooding or negative responses
B) mothers who begin to reduce attention to the older child before the birth of a sibling to desensitize them to the coming events
C) mothers who give the older child quality time and actively discourage negative responses toward the infant
D) mothers who explain to the older child that negativity will not be tolerated and actively punish any negative responses
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A) He will be slower to develop a basic gender identity.
B) He will be just as cognitively, emotionally, and morally mature.
C) He will be more likely to play with same-sex peers.
D) He will show stronger gender intensification during adolescence.
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A) pre-existing positive sibling relationships
B) parental style
C) low-conflict situations
D) high-conflict situations
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A) She will have higher self-esteem, but poorer peer relationships.
B) She will be more obedient and slightly more intellectually competent.
C) She will be more disruptive and more selfish.
D) She will have lower achievement motivation, but better peer relationships.
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Multiple Choice
A) It is almost inevitable when a high-risk parent has a child with high-risk characteristics.
B) It is most likely to occur in families under stress.
C) It is less common today because people are better educated about parenting.
D) It occurs with equal frequency in all cultures.
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