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The sales department's identification of an improvement made to a competitor's product would occur during which stage of the organizational buying decision process?


A) information search
B) supplier search
C) alternative evaluation
D) problem recognition
E) purchase decision

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A business firm buys products and services for one main reason, which is to


A) increase profitability.
B) beat its competitors.
C) satisfy the needs of its suppliers.
D) employ people.
E) maintain inventory.

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An industrial firm


A) is one that is independently owned and takes title to the merchandise it sells.
B) buys physical goods and resells them again without any reprocessing.
C) deals exclusively with federal, state, and local governments.
D) in some way reprocesses a product or service it buys before selling it again to the next buyer.
E) only produces a product, not a service.

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All of the following are organizational buyers except which?


A) industrial firms
B) government units
C) ultimate consumers
D) resellers
E) wholesalers

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To be a Walmart supplier, a firm must be able to deliver its products to Walmart's distribution centers within a 16-minute window. If the driver arrives before or after the scheduled window, the supplier will be turned away and fined. Walmart's insistence on choosing a supplier based upon its ability to provide on-time delivery is an example of


A) a supplier value dimension.
B) a derived demand factor.
C) an evaluative criterion.
D) an external performance measure.
E) an organizational buying criterion.

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An assistant heard his supervisor in the supply room yell, "Call Crate & Barrel. We need another case of its large coffee mugs for the conference next week." The supervisor was asking the assistant to make a


A) new buy.
B) straight rebuy.
C) modified rebuy.
D) make-buy.
E) standard reorder.

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There are seven commonly used organizational buying criteria. One of them is


A) warranty and claim policies.
B) loyalty.
C) longevity.
D) adaptability.
E) quick and efficient communication.

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In an effort to make better and more efficient purchase decisions, the Ford Motor Co. includes input from various people, depending on the purchase situation. Individuals may include key personnel from several departments, including research and development, finance, marketing, shipping, and sales. This is a description of Ford's


A) selling committee.
B) sustainable procurement department.
C) purchasing unit.
D) buying center.
E) buying committee.

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Comparing the stages in a consumer and organizational purchase decision process reveals key differences. In organizations, ________ becomes more important for deadlines and quality control, since a long-term relationship is anticipated.


A) choice variety
B) supplier audit
C) purchase decision
D) supplier capability
E) performance review

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Consider how buy classes affect buying center tendencies in different ways. Describe the buy-class situations, and discuss the implications for the organization of each type of buy class.

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New buy. Here the organization is a firs...

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Derived demand means the demand for industrial products and services is driven by, or derived from, the


A) NAICS statistical models.
B) gross national product.
C) demand for consumer products and services.
D) demand for industrial products in other categories or markets.
E) demand for government products and services.

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Purchasing paper for JCPMedia is one example of


A) organizational buying.
B) online buying.
C) on-time delivery.
D) derived demand.
E) cooperative selling.

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Large multistore chain retailers such as 7-Eleven convenience stores, Safeway, and Target use a highly formalized buying center that is referred to as


A) an ad hoc committee.
B) a buying committee.
C) a merchandise procurement center.
D) a purchasing department.
E) a purchasing control system.

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The department's administrative assistant orders pens, copy paper, and printer ink cartridges for the department from the Corporate Express catalog nearly every month. This is an example of a


A) new buy.
B) straight rebuy.
C) modified rebuy.
D) make-buy.
E) standard reorder.

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Important characteristics in organizational buying include which of the following?


A) Many of the goods purchased are raw and semifinished.
B) A heavy emphasis is placed on maintaining standardization to keep costs down.
C) Coupons and contests are the most frequent forms of promotion.
D) A fixed, nonnegotiable price is the norm.
E) Personal relationships are preferred to online buying over the Internet.

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During the next-to-last stage of the organizational buying decision process, the organization


A) drafts specifications.
B) formally rates suppliers that were used.
C) evaluates supplier facilities.
D) awards the contract.
E) recognizes a need for change.

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Buy classes refer to the three types of organizational buying situations:


A) buy, lease, and rent.
B) new buy, make, and reprocess.
C) manufacturing contracts, consulting contracts, service contracts.
D) new buy, straight rebuy, and modified rebuy.
E) new buy, refurbish, and used buy.

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Organizational buyers include manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, service companies, not-for-profit organizations, and government agencies that


A) purchase exclusively from one supplier.
B) are exempt from state and local taxes.
C) sell directly to ultimate consumers.
D) sell goods and services for their own use.
E) buy products and services for their own use or for resale.

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At which stage of the organizational buying decision process would a firm select a supplier, negotiate terms, and award a contract?


A) problem recognition
B) information search
C) purchase decision
D) purchase review
E) alternative evaluation

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Researchers who have studied organizational buying identify three types of buying situations, called ________, which include new buy, modified rebuy, and straight rebuy.


A) purchase criteria
B) buy classes
C) buying centers
D) consideration sets
E) purchase hierarchies

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