Exam 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

A) The suspect agent must be present in all cases of the disease.
B) The suspect agent must cause the disease under investigation when introduced into a susceptible host organism.
C) The suspect agent must be isolated and cultured in the laboratory.
D) It must be possible to reisolate the suspect agent from the infected experimental host.
E) The suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases.

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Koch's first postulate, that the suspect...

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A) 12.43 of every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000.
B) 12.43 of every 100,000 people died of tuberculosis in the United States in the year 2000.
C) there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000.
D) there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000.
E) 12.43 of every 100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000.

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A) a source of microbial contamination.
B) an environment that is free of microbes.
C) any microorganism that causes disease.
D) a condition in which organisms remain in the body for a short time.
E) a source of microbes for laboratory testing.

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A) that provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one cannot live without the other.
B) where only one member derives benefit from the other.
C) where one member of the relationship may kill the other.
D) where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other.
E) where it is difficult to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other.

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False

A) headache
B) dizziness
C) fever
D) nausea
E) cramps

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A) mosquitoes
B) aerosols
C) contact
D) contaminated water
E) contaminated milk

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A) neurotoxin.
B) coagulase.
C) lipid A.
D) hemolysin.
E) collagenase.

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for a pathogen to enter a new host, it must survive in some site from which it can infect the new host.These sites are considered reservoirs, which include the following: 1.Animal reservoirs, such as domestic or wild animals.Examples:Lyme disease, rabies, West Nile fever 2.Human carriers, which are individuals who are infectious and may be either asymptomatic or symptomatic.Examples:AIDS, tuberculosis, typhoid fever 3.Nonliving reservoirs, such as soil, water, and food.Examples:botulism, cholera, tetanus

A) droplet
B) direct
C) vector
D) fecal-oral
E) waterborne

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A) insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host.
B) inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens.
C) fecal material from infected hosts.
D) animal sources for human pathogens.
E) silent carriers of infectious diseases.

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ligands

A) unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes.
B) relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed.
C) relationship between two organisms where both members benefit.
D) relationship in which a microorganism causes disease.
E) source of contamination.

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A) cockroach transmission of Shigella
B) mosquito transmission of Plasmodium
C) flea transmission of Yersinia
D) tsetse fly transmission of Trypanosoma
E) louse transmission of Rickettsia

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