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The term Arab or Arabic refers to ____________________.

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The ____________________ of ____________________ took powers away from the British landowning aristocracy and benefited the urban middle classes.

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The supreme legal authority in Egypt's most prestigious mosque university carried the title of the ____________________.

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Those who benefited most from the July Monarchy were


A) artisans.
B) the poor.
C) the well off.
D) Catholic priests.
E) parliamentarians.

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C

Classical economic liberalism proved very popular among the cotton mill owners of the city of ____________________, for which it was named.

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The Paris Commune was


A) an imaginative attempt to introduce democracy though popular vote.
B) an uprising against the imperial government of France that had lost the Franco-Prussian war of 1870.
C) a kind of new religion prompted by anti-Christian radicals.
D) a group of Parisian artists who gathered to support each other in perfecting their craft.
E) None of the options are correct.

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Otto von Bismarck's greatest desire was to


A) become part of a country that would consist of Austria, Germany, and Hungary.
B) see Kaiser William I, whom he despised, removed as leader of Germany.
C) create a German state that would exclude the Austrians but would take most of their territory.
D) provoke Austria into going to war against the Germans.
E) unify all of the Germans under one government, headquartered in Berlin.

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Discuss the industrialization of the United States and how that nation emerges as a modern nation state.

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Which of the Ottoman viceroys of Egypt is known for his modernization of the armed forces and his longevity as ruler?


A) Abdul Aziz.
B) King Farouk.
C) Muhammad Ali Pasha.
D) Nicholas Mahdi.
E) Muhammad Shafi.

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What is the modern term for the militant and violent reform movement begun in the 1700s by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab?


A) Sufism.
B) Wahhabism.
C) Saudism.
D) Salafism.
E) Jihadism.

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The Italian people regard ____________________ as the greatest hero in their struggle for self-rule.

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Unlike the situation with business in Britain and on the European continent, that in America saw


A) strong worker-management antagonism.
B) limited horizons and much exploitation.
C) comparative freedom from government and public opinion.
D) overdependence upon slave labor.
E) early protections for child laborers.

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The compromise arrangement that formed the ____________________ was called the Ausgleich of 1867.

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What is the English translation of the Arab phrase Dar al-Harb?


A) The community of believers.
B) The unbelievers.
C) Islamic warriors.
D) Prosperous merchants.
E) French immigrants.

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The father of Italian unification, Camilli Cavour, strongly favored the concept of


A) individualism.
B) conservatism.
C) realpolotik.
D) religious unity.
E) social change.

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C

One significant aspect of the modern nation-state is


A) the development of independent thought and action among individuals.
B) the need for close ties between church and state.
C) the subordination of the individual to mass politics.
D) an increase in social welfare spending.
E) a greater tolerance for members of opposing groups.

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What were some of the major social, religious, and intellectual responses to developments in the Islamic world? Include developments in Persia, Arabian countries, and India up to the start of World War I.

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The outstanding European statesman of the 19th century was


A) Nicholas I.
B) William I.
C) Bismarck.
D) Garibaldi.
E) Alexander II.

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C

In 1861, ____________________ freed the serfs in Russia.

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Which of the following made American industrial towns different than European ones?


A) Unsafe and unsanitary working conditions.
B) Democracy and social mobility.
C) Hereditary privilege.
D) More expensive land.
E) Less railroad networks.

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