Exam 1: America in the Twenty-First Century

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A) had to conduct and monitor parliamentary elections.
B) had to have Parliament's approval to maintain an army.
C) could levy taxes without being answerable to anyone.
D) could refuse to take the Parliament's suggestions in matters of national concern.
E) could make changes to the Constitution without the Parliament's consent.

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A) after the Vietnam War.
B) with the influx of multicultural immigrants.
C) after the attacks on the World Trade Center.
D) when President Nixon resigned.
E) after the conclusion of the Cold War.

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C

A) North Korea
B) Spain
C) India
D) The U.S.
E) China

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A) managing foreign relations
B) providing public services
C) resolving conflicts
D) defending the nation
E) maintaining law and order

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False

A) limited government
B) totalitarian dictatorship
C) monarchy
D) autocracy
E) aristrocracy

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A) The government is a form of democracy.
B) A monarch's power is not supported by tradition.
C) A monarch's power is acquired through inheritance.
D) The government is a form of dictatorship.
E) A monarch always has unlimited power over the subjects.

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A) are available only for people in need.
B) are examples of services enjoyed exclusively by the rich.
C) are responsibilities of the state government and not the national government.
D) are examples of services provided equally to all citizens.
E) are based on the divine right theory.

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Answers will vary. Republican successes ...

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A) Its exercise is always recognized as socially moral and is protected by law.
B) It involves getting someone to do something that he or she would not otherwise do.
C) It necessarily involves the use of force.
D) It implies legal action.
E) Its exercise is universally illegal.

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A) representative democracy
B) dictatorship
C) monarchy
D) direct democracy
E) theocracy

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Answers will vary. When it comes to ideology, Americans are often placed in two broad political camps: conservatives and liberals. The term conservative originally referred to persons who wished to conserve-keep-traditional social and political habits and institutions. The term liberal referred to those who wanted to be free from tradition and to establish new policies and practices. In today's American political arena, however, these simple definitions of liberalism and conservatism are incomplete. Both terms mean much more.Conservatism is a set of political beliefs that include a limited role for the national government in helping individuals and in the economic affairs of the nation, as well as support for traditional values and lifestyles. A key element in conservative thinking is the belief that the distribution of social and economic benefits that would exist if the government took little or no action is usually optimum. Conservatives believe that individuals and families should take responsibility for their own economic circumstances, and if that means that some people have less, so be it. Conservatives also place a high value on the principle of order, on family values, and on patriotism. Conservatism has always included those who want society and the government to reflect traditional religious values, and Christian conservatives remain an important part of the conservative coalition today.Liberalism is a set of beliefs that include the advocacy of active government, including government intervention to improve the welfare of individuals and to protect civil rights. While modern American liberalism can trace its roots to the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the ideology did not take its fully modern form until the 1960s, during the Johnson administration. Johnson went well beyond the programs of Roosevelt with new economic initiatives, such as Medicare and Medicaid. These programs-and more recent health-care reforms-reflect the strong liberal belief that the social and economic outcomes that exist in the absence of government action are frequently unfair. Conservatives commonly accuse liberals of valuing "big government" for its own sake. Liberals reject that characterization and argue that big government is simply a necessary tool for promoting the common welfare.

A) monarchies
B) kingships
C) theocracies
D) plutocracies
E) dictatorships

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A) libertarian system
B) republican system
C) constitutional democracy
D) totalitarian dictatorship
E) egalitarian system

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A) Mayflower Compact
B) Declaration of Independence
C) Magna Carta
D) Articles of Confederation
E) Bill of Rights

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A) Unlike a presidential democracy, there is no separate law-enforcing branch in a parliamentary democracy.
B) Unlike a presidential democracy, there is no separate lawmaking branch in a parliamentary democracy.
C) Unlike a presidential democracy, the lawmaking and law-enforcing branches of government are united in a parliamentary democracy.
D) Unlike a presidential democracy, the prime minister is separate from the legislative body in a parliamentary democracy.
E) Unlike a presidential democracy, the lawmaking branch is superior to the law-enforcing branch of the government in a parliamentary democracy.

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A) It is a set of political beliefs that include the advocacy of active government.
B) It is a concept that holds, at a minimum, that all people are entitled to equal protection under the law.
C) It is an economic system based on the private ownership of wealth-producing property.
D) It is a more popular term for the set of political beliefs known as liberalism.
E) It is an intrinsic property which measures the disregard for material possessions.

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