Question 1

The development of a conditioned response is called ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization
B)  higher order conditioning
C)  habituation
D)  acquisition

Question 2

Dr. Graham exposes rats to a vanilla scent prior to receiving a food pellet in the left corner of their cage, but provides no food after exposure to a lemon scent. After several trials, upon smelling a vanilla scent, the rats wait at the far left corner of the cage regardless of whether a food pellet is present. However, they do not wait in the far left corner when exposed to the lemon scent. What is the unconditioned stimulus in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  vanilla scent
B)  food pellet
C)  left corner of cage
D)  lemon scent

Question 3

Jonah is playing on his tablet one evening, when his father asks him to finish up and get ready to take a bath. Jonah nods but completely ignores the request. After a few minutes his father repeats the request with a slightly sterner voice. Jonah says, "Okay, let me just finish this game." Ten minute later, when Jonah has clearly played several more games, his father repeats the request but with a very firm voice. Jonah, knowing that his father is getting angry, puts down the tablet and goes to take a bath. Jonah's different responding to different "voices" from his father illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition
B)  inhibition
C)  discrimination
D)  generalization

Question 4

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Operant conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; classical conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence.
B)  Classical conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence.
C)  In contrast to classical conditioning, operant conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change.
D)  In contrast to operant conditioning, classical conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval schedule of partial reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  In hopes of winning a big jackpot, Penny plays the slot machines at a nearby casino.
B)  Sam earns extra money by mowing his neighbors' lawns in the summer and shoveling their driveways and sidewalks in the winter. He charges $20 per job.
C)  Marcus takes his daughter Rebekah fishing, and explains that you never know how long you have to leave your line in the water before a fish will bite.
D)  Jaime has a paper due once a month in his sociology course. His productivity is low at the beginning of the month and high as the deadline approaches.

Question 6

As Ronnie hears a song on the radio, she feels stressed: her heart races, her hands become clammy, and her breathing becomes rapid. The song is familiar because it was very popular at a time when her parents were going through a divorce that caused Ronnie intense anxiety. In this scenario, identify the following in the same respective order: the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response, and the unconditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A)  parents fighting; song; anxiety toward parents fighting; anxiety toward song
B)  parents fighting; anxiety toward parents fighting; song; anxiety toward song
C)  song; parents fighting; anxiety toward song; anxiety toward parents fighting
D)  song; anxiety toward song; parents fighting; anxiety toward parents fighting C

Question 7

A pig trained by the Brelands to pick up large wooden coins and deposit them in a wooden "piggy bank" learned quickly to do so for food rewards, but eventually ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reverted to washing the coins instead, in accordance with its natural approach to food
B)  became too bored with the repetition of the task to continue
C)  chose to wallow in the mud instead, in order to cool off
D)  reverted to rooting for the coins instead, in accordance with its natural approach to food

Question 8

Imitation in monkeys and humans involves special neurons known as mirror neurons. Mirror neurons in monkeys show similar patterns of activity when the individual performs an action or watches another individual perform the same action. Why is research regarding mirror neurons in humans more complicated than research in monkeys? Where does research in humans currently stand? What purposes might be served by mirror neurons? What role might mirror neurons play in autism research?

Accepted Answer

Identification of mirror neurons in huma...

Question 9

In which of the following examples is the person likely to show the highest, and very steady, rate of response over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  In hopes of winning a big jackpot, Penny plays the slot machines at a nearby casino.
B)  Sam earns extra money by mowing his neighbors' lawns in the summer and shoveling their driveways and sidewalks in the winter. He charges $20 per job.
C)  Hoping to catch a message from her boyfriend, Wendy checks her e-mail again and again throughout the day.
D)  Jaime has a paper due once a month in his sociology course. His productivity is low at the beginning of the month and high as the deadline approaches.

Question 10

What is a disadvantage of continuous reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not convenient to do so for an extended time period.
B)  It is not effective when compared to the effects of punishment.
C)  The individual cannot adapt the target behavior to new stimuli.
D)  The individual will eventually become desensitized to the target behavior.

Question 11

The recognition that two different stimuli call for two different responses is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  delectability
B)  differentiation
C)  desensitization
D)  discrimination

Question 12

What indicates that imitation provides adaptive advantages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imitation is unique to humans.
B)  Imitation is frequently used in the animal world.
C)  Imitation is most effective for teaching aggression.
D)  Imitation is unique to the young, regardless of species.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  food
B)  money
C)  sleep
D)  water B

Question 14

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior slightly increased the children's aggressive behavior.
B)  Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior did not affect the children's aggressive behavior.
C)  Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior slightly reduced the children's aggressive behavior.
D)  Reprimanding the adult for her aggressive behavior substantially reduced the children's aggressive behavior.

Question 15

Counterconditioning in which people relax while being exposed to stimuli that elicit fear is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher order conditioning
B)  habituation
C)  latent inhibition
D)  systematic desensitization

Question 16

What type of stimulus elicits a response without prior experience -that is, without learning having taken place?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical
B)  unconditioned
C)  conditioned
D)  habitual

Question 17

Determining whether an action constitutes reinforcement or punishment requires understanding ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the intrinsic quality of the consequence
B)  specific social and cultural norms associated with the action
C)  the action's effect on behavior
D)  the external stimulus driving the action

Question 18

Copying a behavior that is unlikely to occur naturally and spontaneously is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  imitation
B)  duplication
C)  imprinting
D)  mirroring

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary advantage of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It synchronizes behaviors, particularly between two unacquainted individuals.
B)  It creates imprinting in both human beings and lower animal species.
C)  It transmits information across generations within families and cultures.
D)  It provides rapid adaptation to situations beyond our control. C

Question 20

When he was 9 years old, Mike tried shrimp for the first time but fell very ill shortly thereafter. Within a few hours he was vomiting and was sick for the rest of the night. Now, years later, Mike cannot bring himself to eat shrimp. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonassociative learning
B)  classical conditioning
C)  operant conditioning
D)  observational learning

Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind: Learning

The development of a conditioned response is called ____.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is an example of a variable interval schedule of partial reinforcement?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

A pig trained by the Brelands to pick up large wooden coins and deposit them in a wooden "piggy bank" learned quickly to do so for food rewards, but eventually ____.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Identification of mirror neurons in huma...
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In which of the following examples is the person likely to show the highest, and very steady, rate of response over time?

Correct Answer
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What is a disadvantage of continuous reinforcement?

Correct Answer
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The recognition that two different stimuli call for two different responses is known as ____.

Correct Answer
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What indicates that imitation provides adaptive advantages?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?

Correct Answer
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B

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment?

Correct Answer
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Counterconditioning in which people relax while being exposed to stimuli that elicit fear is referred to as ____.

Correct Answer
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What type of stimulus elicits a response without prior experience -that is, without learning having taken place?

Correct Answer
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Determining whether an action constitutes reinforcement or punishment requires understanding ____.

Correct Answer
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Copying a behavior that is unlikely to occur naturally and spontaneously is referred to as ____.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is a primary advantage of observational learning?

Correct Answer
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C

When he was 9 years old, Mike tried shrimp for the first time but fell very ill shortly thereafter. Within a few hours he was vomiting and was sick for the rest of the night. Now, years later, Mike cannot bring himself to eat shrimp. This is an example of ____.

Correct Answer
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Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind: Learning

The development of a conditioned response is called ____. ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval schedule of partial reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A pig trained by the Brelands to pick up large wooden coins and deposit them in a wooden "piggy bank" learned quickly to do so for food rewards, but eventually ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedIdentification of mirror neurons in huma...View AnswerShow Answer

In which of the following examples is the person likely to show the highest, and very steady, rate of response over time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a disadvantage of continuous reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The recognition that two different stimuli call for two different responses is known as ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What indicates that imitation provides adaptive advantages?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Counterconditioning in which people relax while being exposed to stimuli that elicit fear is referred to as ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of stimulus elicits a response without prior experience -that is, without learning having taken place?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Determining whether an action constitutes reinforcement or punishment requires understanding ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Copying a behavior that is unlikely to occur naturally and spontaneously is referred to as ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a primary advantage of observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When he was 9 years old, Mike tried shrimp for the first time but fell very ill shortly thereafter. Within a few hours he was vomiting and was sick for the rest of the night. Now, years later, Mike cannot bring himself to eat shrimp. This is an example of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The development of a conditioned response is called ____.

Correct Answer
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C

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Identification of mirror neurons in huma...
View Answer

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B

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C

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