A) The Girondins favored a centralized government and strongly supported the sans-culottes.
B) The Jacobins were allied with the sans-culottes but were less well-organized than the Girondins.
C) The Jacobins supported a government in which Paris would serve as the center of power.
D) The Girondins favored tight government controls on the economy.
E) The Jacobins wanted the universal male suffrage for citizens but instituted firm controls over slaves in the French colonies.
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The term "Hundred Days" refers to a spec...View Answer
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The Great Fear refers to a period of pan...View Answer
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A) Toussaint was the son of a minor African chieftain who was sold into slavery.
B) Toussaint was educated in French, Latin, and geometry.
C) Toussaint distinguished himself as a military commander, leading an army of slaves in the West Indies.
D) Toussaint became assistant governor of the French sugar colony of San Domingo.
E) Toussaint finished his career as a highly placed administrator in Napoleon's France.
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Napoleon institutionalized the principle...View Answer
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A) the fact that Europe was not ready for revolutionary reforms.
B) Napoleon's boundless ambition.
C) opposition by Napoleon's opponents on the continent.
D) Great Britain.
E) opposition within France.
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During the revolutionary and Napoleonic ...View Answer
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The term "sans-culottes" refers to a cla...View Answer
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The Grand Army, often referred to in the...View Answer
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A) the fall of the Bastille.
B) the massacre of the Swiss Guards.
C) the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
D) the Brunswick Manifesto.
E) the execution of Louis XVI.
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The slogan "Liberty, Equality, Fraternit...View Answer
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The Cahiers de Doléances were lists of g...View Answer
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A) the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
B) laws confining the Jews to ghettos
C) anti-Protestant legislation
D) de-Christianization of state and society
E) all of the above
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A) combined the ideas and practices of the Revolution with enlightened despotism.
B) was determined to pursue the ideals of the Revolution to their logical extreme.
C) abandoned even the most lasting changes made by the Revolution in favor of stability.
D) showed an uncompromising hostility to the church.
E) had an Old Regime respect for rank.
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A) debt remaining from earlier wars.
B) the poverty of France.
C) tax exemptions for and tax evasion by the nobility, the clergy, and the wealthy bourgeoisie.
D) an inefficient tax collection system.
E) well-meaning but ineffective leadership.
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A) the power of a mature bourgeoisie whose progress was being thwarted by an obdurate and decadent aristocracy.
B) anger of the bourgeoisie that they were not permitted to acquire land.
C) distress over the Brunswick Manifesto.
D) the aristocracy's revival of old feudal burdens on the peasantry.
E) the king's inability to take decisive action.
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The assumption that governments represen...View Answer
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A) reaction in the countryside to the Jacobin Terror.
B) the rebellion in the Vendée.
C) the rural reaction to rumors that aristocrats were organizing attacks on peasants.
D) popular reaction to the invasion of France by Prussia and Austria.
E) anxiety in the royal court due to the escalating instability.
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A) remained passive due to gnawing poverty.
B) were limited to unskilled workers and the unemployed.
C) suffered particularly from the rapidly rising price of bread.
D) experience a drop in wages of 22 percent.
E) all of the above
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A) creating a mass army of recruits.
B) instilling soldiers with heightened patriotism.
C) rewarding talent with promotion.
D) making the cause not only French but the good of humanity.
E) all of the above
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