Question 1

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heaviest element created in the big...

Question 2

Ordinary matter makes up approximately ____percent of the critical density of the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A)   0.1
B)   1
C)   4.5
D)   10
E)   50

Question 3

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Dark matter ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   is homogenously distributed through the Universe
B)   began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang
C)   began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter
D)   is isotropically distributed through the Universe
E)   began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter

Question 5

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

Accepted Answer

The Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni...

Question 6

After nuclear reactions in the big bang had ended, about 25% of the mass of the Universe was in the form of helium nuclei.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) 
The Universe had a temperature of a few hundred million degrees K at approximately ____ after the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A)   one second
B)   one minute
C)   one hour
D)   one day
E)   one year

Question 8

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Accepted Answer

A)   strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic
B)   electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak
C)   electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak
D)   magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong
E)   electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak

Question 9

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   homogenously
B)   isotropically
C)   in long, narrow filaments surrounding empty voids
D)   statically
E)   in bubbles surrounded by empty walls

Question 10

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Universe must have a center, but not an edge
B)   sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions
C)   Universe should have an edge, but not a center
D)   Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang.
E)   Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center

Question 12

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _____ Universe is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   open; accelerating and will not expand forever
B)   flat; decelerating and will expand forever
C)   closed; accelerating and will expand forever
D)   open;, decelerating and will expand forever
E)   flat; accelerating and will expand forever

Question 13

The Hubble time only describes a Universe that is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   flat
B)   totally open
C)   totally closed
D)   partially open
E)   partially closed

Question 14

The flatness problem and the horizon problem can be explained by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   dark energy
B)   the inflationary universe hypothesis
C)   grand unified theories
D)   the electroweak force
E)   non-baryonic matter

Question 15

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Universe is _______________ because it looks...

Question 16

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Accepted Answer

A)   both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation
B)   different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces
C)   different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces
D)   different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces
E)   different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces

Question 17

In the very first phase after the big bang, when the Universe was about a microsecond old, space was filled with____.

Accepted Answer

A)   high-energy photons
B)   protons and antiprotons
C)   protons, neutrons, electrons, and positrons (anti-electrons) 
D)   electrons, and positrons (anti-electrons) 
E)   protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 18

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from...

Question 19

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The Universe is isotropic, but not homogenous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

In the very first phase after the big bang, when the Universe was about a microsecond old, space was filled with____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ordinary matter makes up approximately ____percent of the critical density of the Universe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni...View AnswerShow Answer

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Universe is isotropic, but not homogenous.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The Universe had a temperature of a few hundred million degrees K at approximately ____ after the big bang.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _____ Universe is ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The flatness problem and the horizon problem can be explained by ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Hubble time only describes a Universe that is ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After nuclear reactions in the big bang had ended, about 25% of the mass of the Universe was in the form of helium nuclei.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dark matter ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni...
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If the dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, then the _ Universe is .

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