A) problems
B) policy
C) progress
D) political
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A) incrementalists ignore the obvious
B) incrementalists forget that people are not powerless
C) incrementalists do not understand that policymaking is multidimensional
D) incrementalists fail to recognize the costs associated with policymaking
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A) elite/mass
B) group
C) systems
D) institutionalist
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A) private goods and services
B) toll goods and services
C) public goods and services
D) common-pool goods and services
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A) political analysis
B) public policy
C) policy implementation
D) programming
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A) actions
B) outcomes
C) goals
D) status quo
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A) Disjointed incrementalism
B) Rationalism
C) Strategic planning
D) Hidden clusters
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A) political analysis
B) forecasting
C) public policy analysis
D) rationalism
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A) 10
B) 45
C) 70
D) 90
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Strategic planning is a process used by organizations to define their long-term goals and develop a plan of action to achieve those goals. It involves analyzing the organization's current situation, setting objectives, and identifying the strategies and tactics needed to reach those objectives.
Advantages of strategic planning in the public sector include:
1. Clear direction: It provides a clear direction for the organization, ensuring that everyone is working towards the same goals.
2. Resource allocation: It helps in the efficient allocation of resources by prioritizing initiatives and projects that align with the organization's strategic objectives.
3. Stakeholder engagement: It involves stakeholders in the planning process, which can lead to increased buy-in and support for the organization's goals.
4. Performance measurement: It provides a framework for measuring the organization's performance and progress towards its goals.
Disadvantages of strategic planning in the public sector include:
1. Time-consuming: The process of developing a strategic plan can be time-consuming and may divert resources from other important activities.
2. Rigidity: A strategic plan can be inflexible and may not easily adapt to changing circumstances or emerging priorities.
3. Resistance to change: Some stakeholders may resist the changes that come with implementing a new strategic plan, leading to internal conflict and resistance.
4. Uncertainty: The future is inherently uncertain, and strategic plans may not always account for unexpected events or changes in the external environment.
In conclusion, while strategic planning can provide many benefits to the public sector, it is important to carefully consider its potential drawbacks and ensure that the process is inclusive, flexible, and responsive to change.
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The rationalist paradigm and the incrementalist paradigm are two different approaches to decision-making and planning in public policy and management.
The rationalist paradigm is based on the idea that decisions should be made through a systematic and logical process of gathering and analyzing data, considering all possible alternatives, and choosing the most optimal solution. This approach has the advantage of promoting thorough and evidence-based decision-making, which can lead to more efficient and effective outcomes. However, it can also be time-consuming and may not always account for the complexities and uncertainties of real-world situations.
On the other hand, the incrementalist paradigm is based on the idea that decisions should be made through small, gradual adjustments to existing policies and practices, rather than through large-scale, comprehensive changes. This approach has the advantage of being more flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances, and it can also be less disruptive and costly. However, it may also lead to inertia and resistance to change, and it may not always address underlying systemic issues.
In comparison, the strategic planning paradigm is a more comprehensive and forward-looking approach that involves setting long-term goals, identifying strategies to achieve those goals, and allocating resources accordingly. This approach has the advantage of providing a clear direction and focus for an organization or government, and it can also help to align efforts and resources towards common objectives. However, it can also be rigid and inflexible in the face of unexpected developments, and it may not always account for the dynamic and unpredictable nature of the external environment.
In summary, each of these paradigms has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the most appropriate approach will depend on the specific context and goals of the decision-making or planning process. It may also be beneficial to combine elements of each paradigm in order to achieve a more balanced and effective approach.
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False
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A) redistributive
B) distribute
C) regulative
D) constituent
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