New biosensors,applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin,can alert serious athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and find it difficult to continue exercising.These biosensors monitor lactate,a form of lactic acid,released in sweat during strenuous exercise.Which of the statements below is the best explanation of why athletes would need to monitor lactate levels?
A) During aerobic respiration, muscle cells cannot produce enough lactate to fuel muscle cell contractions and muscles begin to cramp, thus athletic performance suffers.
B) During anaerobic respiration, lactate levels increase when muscles cells need more energy. However, muscles cells eventually fatigue, thus athletes should modify their activities to increase aerobic respiration.
C) During aerobic respiration, muscles cells produce too much lactate which causes a rise in the pH of the muscle cells, thus athletes must consume increased amounts of sports drinks, high in electrolytes, to buffer the pH.
D) During anaerobic respiration, muscle cells receive too little oxygen and begin to convert lactate to pyruvate (pyruvic acid) , thus athletes experience cramping and fatigue.
E) During strenuous exercise, oxygen is scarce and cell switch from fermentation to aerobic respiration.
G) A) and D)
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The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction
A) gains electrons and gains potential energy.
B) loses electrons and loses potential energy.
C) gains electrons and loses potential energy.
D) loses electrons and gains potential energy.
E) neither gains nor loses electrons, but gains or loses potential energy.
G) B) and C)
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