Exam 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

A) Presbycusis
B) Presbyopia
C) Nearsightedness
D) Localized occipital inhibition

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A) Traditional gender roles in marriages do not support women going to college and working.
B) Women are less motivated to finish a degree than men are.
C) Divorce and responsibility for young children are more common for women and associated with failure to complete a degree.
D) They do not see the practical application of information that is taught in college.

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A) Early adulthood because in the 20s individuals are learning about a large variety of topics.
B) Middle adulthood because they are able to solve problems efficiently by using abstract reasoning and making intuitive judgments.
C) Late adulthood because they have many more years of life experience to draw conclusions from in problem solving.
D) Expertise does not reach a peak at any particular age as it is dependent on so many contextual factors.

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A) conscientiousness.
B) optimism.
C) introversion.
D) positive emotions.

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A) The capacity of working memory declines from the 20s through the 60s.
B) Declines in working memory are consistent across all people and all tasks.
C) It is difficult for adults to compensate for declines in working memory, so declines tend to be noticeable.
D) Memory strategies do not help middle-aged adults in working memory, only in long-term memory.

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A) Social interaction
B) Metacognition
C) Advanced degrees
D) Reciprocal learning

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A) Because they typically have experienced failure in college previously.
B) Because education for a middle-aged woman is not seen as valuable in Western culture.
C) Because they have to juggle multiple and often conflicting demands of family, household, school, and work.
D) Because they do not see the benefits of college.

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Longitudinal; longit...

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A) Adult learners enjoy learning for the sake of learning.
B) Adult learners tend to be problem-oriented in that they typically want to know why they should learn something.
C) Adult learners enjoy engaging in collaboration with others, which a college experience typically involves.
D) Adult learners are more likely to challenge their professors and not show the same respect that traditional students show.

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A) Marital stress
B) Children leaving home
C) Diets low in protein and essential vitamins
D) Sexual inactivity

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A) Intelligence peaks in early adulthood, declines through middle adulthood, and drops steeply in late adulthood.
B) Intelligence varies by gender with males' IQ showing greater declines over time than females' IQ.
C) IQ scores increase into middle adulthood.
D) Intelligence varies by gender with females' IQ showing greater declines over time than males' IQ.

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A) Multiple intelligence
B) Crystallized intelligence
C) Fluid intelligence
D) Analytical intelligence

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A) Fluid intelligence continues to improve throughout adulthood.
B) Crystallized intelligence increases steadily over the adult years and declines modestly in late adulthood.
C) Adults show more difficulties with selective attention but not with divided attention and inhibition.
D) The capacity of working memory continues to improve throughout middle adulthood.

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A) Occupations that may place them in contact with toxins
B) Inadequate access to medical care
C) High levels of stress
D) Decrease in breast-feeding

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