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What has been the consequence of the deaths of unarmed African-Americans civilians by the police and practices such as stop, question, and frisk (SQF) ?


A) Increase in homicides
B) More vigilant policing
C) Reduction of trust and confidence of African-Americans in police
D) Racial profiling

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The external investigation of agencies for misconduct is unlikely to enhance police accountability.

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Over 2.1 million Americans can be found in jails and prisons while you are reading this.

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The inmates who are aged out often still pose a serious risk to public safety.

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Less than two thirds of African Americans believe they can trust the police is troubling.

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False

Why should future police administrators carefully weigh the costs and benefits of introducing new technologies that are intended to make us safer?


A) Civil rights concerns
B) Takeover by the machines
C) The newest technologies are around the corner
D) Accountability

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A

The popular media have a substantial role in shaping justice policies.

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The growth in prison populations only started to slow since 2001.

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Private justice agencies are not a formal part of the criminal justice system, but they support the activities of public law enforcement agencies. How does the total number of persons employed in these organizations compare to the number of sworn public law enforcement officers?


A) It exceeds the number of sworn public law enforcement officers.
B) It is half the number of sworn public law enforcement officers.
C) It is a quarter of the number of sworn public law enforcement officers.
D) It is ten percent of the number of sworn public law enforcement officers.

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What is taxation by citation?


A) It is a financial penalty imposed by the IRS.
B) It is funding civic operations through fines and court costs.
C) It is compensating society for posing a danger or risk.
D) It is issuing citations to out-of-town travelers.

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About how many offenders are currently serving sentences of probation or parole in the community?


A) 2.4 million
B) 4.7 million
C) 4.2 million
D) 20 million

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The increased imprisonment rate was due to increasing both the likelihood of being imprisoned and longer sentences.

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True

There are 50,000 bail bonds companies in the United States.

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Over half of the states have taken measures to reduce their prison and jail populations in the last decade.

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There are 25,000 bail bonds companies in the United States

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What is the evidence for the claim that prison rates can be reduced without negatively affecting crime rates?


A) Many released inmates are old and no longer pose a threat.
B) When crime rates go up, sentences become more severe.
C) Twenty-seven states have reduced both their prison populations and their crime rates.
D) prosecutors have eased their tough-on-crime policies.

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About how many 911 calls are made every year?


A) 240 million
B) 40 million
C) 24 million
D) 20 million

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What is depolicing?


A) Officers become less aggressive or diligent out fear of provoking confrontations.
B) Officers stop patrolling minority neighborhoods.
C) Officers handing more power to community leaders.
D) Officers handing more power to neighborhood watch groups.

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What are black swan events?


A) Fantastic events
B) Black swan congregations
C) Stock market crashes
D) Rare and unforeseen or unanticipated major disasters

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For-profit bail businesses are only operated in two nations. The United States is one of these, what is the other?


A) Iran
B) Mexico
C) Spain
D) The Philippines

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