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Exam 6: Fallacies and Persuaders

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Question 21

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What is the basic pattern of a straw-man argument? How are straw-man arguments sometimes used in political debates?

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A straw-man argument is a rhetorical tec...

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Question 22

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The red herring fallacy involves reinterpreting a claim so that it appears weak or absurd and therefore more easily refuted.

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Question 23

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What are euphemisms and dysphemisms and how are they put to use rhetorically? Provide a real-world example of each in your answer.

What is the fallacy of equivocation and how can it be used to persuade an audience that a conclusion is true?

The fallacy of composition is thinking that the characteristics of the parts are somehow transferred to the whole.

Why is an appeal to the masses fallacious?

Fallacies with irrelevant premises include

Words used to convey negative attitudes or emotions in place of neutral or positive ones are called

The attempt to establish the conclusion of an argument by using that conclusion as a premise is known as equivocation.

Whether people are hypocritical regarding their claims bears directly on the truth of those claims.

A lack of evidence alone can neither prove nor disprove a proposition.

The strategy of inserting irrelevancies into an argument to distract someone from the real issues is called

The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it is known as appeal to

This argument-"Either you support the war or you are a traitor to your country. You don't support the war. So you're a traitor"-is an example of

Explain the two broad categories of fallacies. Provide examples of each category in your answer.

Claims that come out of a "poisoned well" cannot be automatically dismissed.

When we commit the fallacy of appealing to the person, we reject a claim by

Using the phrase "enhanced interrogation techniques" instead of "torture" or the phrase "downsizing" instead of "firing" illustrates the use of

The demand that someone prove a universal negative is unreasonable.

In general, if a person makes an unsupported claim, we are under no obligation to prove it wrong.