Question 1

The figure below depicts a gene and two different ways that gene could be mutated. 
How does Mutation A differ from Mutation B?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation A does not permanently change the sequence of the gene, but Mutation B does.
B)  Mutation A involves the insertion of a base, whereas Mutation B involves the deletion of a base.
C)  Mutation A results in a possible change in one amino acid in the protein produced by the gene, but Mutation B affects several amino acids.
D)  Mutation A can only occur in introns, but Mutation B can occur in both introns and exons.

Question 2

The position of the start codon is important because every molecule of mRNA can be read by a ribosome in three different ways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Use the chart below to determine the chain of amino acids that would be produced by the entire sequence UGUACGAUAGGCUAG.

Accepted Answer

A)  ACAUGCUAUAUCCCG
B)  ACATGCTATATCCCG
C)  cysteine-threonine-isoleucine-glycine
D)  cysteine-threonine-isoleucine-glycine-stop

Question 4

It is possible for a mutation to occur and yet not alter the end product of translation if

Accepted Answer

A)  the RNA polymerase skips over the mutated area.
B)  the new codon encodes the same amino acid.
C)  a deletion mutation removes the entire codon.
D)  the mutation affects the active site of the protein product.

Question 5

A chemical that causes the formation of a covalent bond between adenine and thymine is added to a cell. How does this drug affect gene expression in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chemical increases the efficiency of protein production by making it easier for tRNA to interact with the correct mRNA codons.
B)  The chemical prevents transcription from occurring so proteins cannot be made.
C)  The chemical prevents protein production because once made, the RNA cannot separate from its DNA template.
D)  The chemical has no effect on protein production because mRNA contains uracil rather than thymine.

Question 6

DNA molecules are double-stranded, whereas most RNA molecules are single-stranded. Which of the following choices is the most likely reason that RNA does not need to be double-stranded?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA reproduces itself directly, whereas RNA does not.
B)  RNA reproduces itself directly, whereas DNA does not.
C)  DNA undergoes translation that requires the use of both strands at the same time.
D)  RNA undergoes transcription that can only read one strand at a time.

Question 7

A mutation occurs in the promoter of a protein-encoding gene. How might this mutation affect the production of the protein encoded by the gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mRNA made from this gene would exhibit the same mutation and, therefore, would not fold or function properly.
B)  The protein made from the promoter would have a different amino acid sequence and, therefore, would not function properly.
C)  The promoter might not be recognized by RNA polymerase, so the enzyme would be unable to attach to the promoter and start transcription.
D)  The start codon would be missing from the mRNA made from this gene, so the mRNA could not be translated.

Question 8

Most molecules of RNA are ____________________-stranded.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most molecules of RNA are ____________________-stranded....

Question 9

____________________ is the specific type of nucleic acid found in ribosomes, which are important in protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the specific type of nucleic...

Question 10

Which of the following is a codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  U
B)  UU
C)  UUG
D)  UUGG

Question 11

The RNA molecule in the figure below could have been translated from the DNA molecule shown in this figure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

During translation,

Accepted Answer

A)  many mRNA molecules work with one tRNA molecule and one rRNA molecule to produce a protein.
B)  one tRNA molecule works with paired mRNA molecules and many rRNA molecules to produce a protein.
C)  strings of bonded tRNA molecules work with one mRNA molecule and one rRNA molecule to produce a protein.
D)  one mRNA molecule works with several rRNA molecules and many tRNA molecules to produce a protein.

Question 13

When one base is changed to another at a single position in the DNA sequence of a gene, a(n) _____ mutation has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  insertion
B)  deletion
C)  frameshift
D)  substitution

Question 14

If both strands of the DNA of a gene underwent transcription and translation, they would produce the same mRNA and protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The bases present in an RNA molecule are

Accepted Answer

A)  C, T, A, and G.
B)  U, A, C, and G.
C)  G, C ,U, and T.
D)  U, C, T, and A.

Question 16

A promoter would be located on

Accepted Answer

A)  the template strand of a DNA molecule.
B)  the anticodon of a tRNA molecule.
C)  an mRNA molecule.
D)  RNA polymerase.

Question 17

The stop codon is the sequence of bases at which transcription ends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If a strand of DNA has the sequence CGTAA, the RNA made from this molecule will have the sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  CGTAA.
B)  GCUTT.
C)  TAGCC.
D)  GCAUU.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of rRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is made up of base pairs.
B)  It carries amino acids.
C)  It is not translated.
D)  It helps transcribe DNA.

Question 20

Research suggests that higher production of aromatase in humans may result in increased feminization of human males.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: From Gene to Protein

Which of the following is a codon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure below depicts a gene and two different ways that gene could be mutated. How does Mutation A differ from Mutation B?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most molecules of RNA are ____________________-stranded.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA molecules are double-stranded, whereas most RNA molecules are single-stranded. Which of the following choices is the most likely reason that RNA does not need to be double-stranded?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The RNA molecule in the figure below could have been translated from the DNA molecule shown in this figure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is possible for a mutation to occur and yet not alter the end product of translation if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of rRNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If both strands of the DNA of a gene underwent transcription and translation, they would produce the same mRNA and protein.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stop codon is the sequence of bases at which transcription ends.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A promoter would be located on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When one base is changed to another at a single position in the DNA sequence of a gene, a(n) _____ mutation has occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ is the specific type of nucleic acid found in ribosomes, which are important in protein synthesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that higher production of aromatase in humans may result in increased feminization of human males.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation occurs in the promoter of a protein-encoding gene. How might this mutation affect the production of the protein encoded by the gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the chart below to determine the chain of amino acids that would be produced by the entire sequence UGUACGAUAGGCUAG.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a strand of DNA has the sequence CGTAA, the RNA made from this molecule will have the sequence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The position of the start codon is important because every molecule of mRNA can be read by a ribosome in three different ways.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chemical that causes the formation of a covalent bond between adenine and thymine is added to a cell. How does this drug affect gene expression in the cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bases present in an RNA molecule are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During translation,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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