Exam 11: Renaissance Architecture

A) the ideal Renaissance central plan.
B) groin vaults.
C) the system of modular planning.
D) the ancient Roman system of measurement.
E) Gothic forms.

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A) the Uffizzi in Florence.
B) S. Lorenzo in Florence.
C) the Ducal Palace in Urbino.
D) S. Giorgio Maggiore in Venice.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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A) Lorenzo di Medici.
B) Federico Gonzaga.
C) Cardinal Giulio dé Medici.
D) Federigo da Montefeltro.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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The Renaissance and Mannerist periods in Italy saw significant changes in architectural styles. During the Renaissance, which began in the 14th century, there was a revival of classical Roman and Greek architectural principles. Buildings were designed with symmetry, proportion, and harmony in mind, and there was a focus on creating a sense of balance and order. Examples of Renaissance architecture in Italy include the dome of Florence Cathedral, the Palazzo Medici Riccardi, and the Villa Rotonda. In contrast, Mannerist architecture emerged in the late Renaissance period and was characterized by a departure from the strict classical principles of the earlier era. Mannerist buildings often featured exaggerated proportions, unconventional forms, and intricate ornamentation. Architects began to experiment with asymmetry and distortion, creating a sense of movement and dynamism in their designs. Examples of Mannerist architecture in Italy include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua and the Church of the Gesù in Rome. Overall, the main differences between Renaissance and Mannerist architecture in Italy lie in their approach to classical principles and their treatment of form, proportion, and ornamentation. While Renaissance architecture sought to revive and adhere to classical ideals, Mannerist architecture embraced a more experimental and unconventional aesthetic.

A) use of superimposed orders.
B) recreation of vaulting like that in an ancient Roman basilica.
C) inclusion of an aedicule like that in Old St. Peter's.
D) illusionistic manipulation of the chancel wall.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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A) an ideal ancient Roman man.
B) a man's figure inscribed inside a circle and a square.
C) an ideal Renaissance citizen.
D) a man's figure seen in dramatic perspective.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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A) influenced by the designs in Andrea Palladio's Four Books of Architecture.
B) an example of the English emphasis on the use of triumphal-arch forms.
C) based on Donato Bramante's banqueting hall that overlooks the Belvedere Court in Rome.
D) a classicization of the traditional, medieval English Great Hall.
E) an example of the English emphasis on the surface texture of the stone façade.

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A) surrounded by gardens that act as a barrier between it and urban residences.
B) surrounded by regularized residential façades, connected by a continuous ground-level arcade.
C) a court fronted by multiple churches.
D) a square with a bi-level arcade and tall, central pavilions at each side.
E) built in a distinctively French manner of pairs surmounted by pavilion roofs.

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A) a fortified tower and a campanile.
B) a bridge, which later became the base for a grand dining hall.
C) a royal hunting estate, which later was turned into a royal garden.
D) a huge, glazed salon overlooking garden parterres.
E) a grid of trees and a circular open space.

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B

A) Masaccio.
B) Donatello.
C) Leonardo da Vinci.
D) Ghiberti.
E) All of the answers are correct.

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A) Vitruvius's The Ten Books of Architecture.
B) his close study of classical ruins in Florence.
C) an unfinished treatise by Brunelleschi.
D) Pliny the Elder's On Architecture.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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A) S. Maria Maggiore.
B) St. Peter's.
C) S. Lorenzo.
D) S. Maria in Aracoeli.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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A) cyclopean masonry.
B) massive iron gates.
C) heavy rustication, including at the columns.
D) enormous crenelated towers.
E) All of the answers are correct.

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A) mixture used by the ancient Romans to make concrete.
B) system of ancient Roman vaulting.
C) central-plan church.
D) urban palazzo.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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A) a moat.
B) crenelations.
C) corner turrets.
D) rustication.
E) All of the answers are correct.

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A) Phillibert de l'Orme and Jean Bullant.
B) Leonardo da Vinci and Pierre Lescot.
C) Jacques Lemercier and Jean Bullant.
D) Pierre Lescot and Jacques Lemercier.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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A) is capped by a Gothic form.
B) became a prototype repeated by Renaissance designers.
C) includes scrolls that display the shed roofs of the side aisles.
D) is dominated geometrically by the use of the circle.
E) has a four-story central bay.

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B

A) be at the center of the ancient Forum Romanum.
B) have a circular temple into a circular cloister.
C) be in the forecourt at St. Peter's.
D) have a two-story cylinder capped by a hemispherical dome.
E) have a tomb at its western end.

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