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Exam 3: Conscience and Moral Development

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Question 1

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According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, _____.

A) people are incapable of moral reasoning
B) people at the postconventional stage of moral development base their moral decisions on mature care ethics
C) people at the postconventional stage of moral development base their moral decisions on universal moral principles
D) people at the postconventional stage of moral development are dangerous

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Question 2

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Which of the following factors would a cultural relativist argue to be the most important in the formation of our consciences?

A) good genes
B) intuition
C) conscious moral direction
D) environment

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Question 3

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You were up late last night helping a friend who is depressed. As a result, you did not have enough time to study for your ethics test today. You are a good student and plan to go to a medical school next year and, after that, work in an inner-city clinic. You need to pass ethics in order to graduate. When you look at the test, you realize you will not be able to pass. However, you notice that you can see the answers of the student sitting in front of you. She is one of the best students in the class. Should you copy her answers? What would Kant say?

In the context of moral reasoning, _____ involves the use of rhetoric, fallacies, and resistance rather than logical analysis.

Which of the following people would be most likely to excuse a woman's abusive behavior toward her children because of her past history of abuse as a child?

According to James Rest, a person who has integrated moral reasoning, moral sensitivity, and moral motivation into his or her personality has:

In the context of the development of conscience, people who lack a conscience or a moral sense are known as:

Which of the following is a criticism of Kohlberg's theory on the stages of moral development?

Identify the person who said each of the following. -"The postconventional stage is characterized by a major thrust toward autonomous moral principles that have validity and application apart from the authority of the groups or people who hold them..." Which of the following theorists is most likely to have made this statement?

During a junior high health education class on genetics, a teacher asked one of the students to remove his shoes and show the webbing between his toes. Oblivious to the student's obvious embarrassment, she chided him until he finally took off his shoe. In the context of James Rest's components of moral behavior, this teacher was clearly deficient in:

Which of the following questions would you be most likely to hear from people in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning when they are confronted with a moral issue in their lives?

Identify the person who said each of the following. -"The superego retains the character of the father, while the more powerful the Oedipus complex was and the more rapidly it succumbed to repression... the stricter will be the domination of the superego later on-in the form of conscience or perhaps of an unconscious sense of guilt." Which of the following theorists is most likely to have made this statement?

"If you need help writing your essay, you should ask Mary Lou. She's a real saint. You can always count on Mary Lou to come through when you are in need. Even though she's in danger of flunking out this semester and her health is suffering, she does not let that stop her from putting other people's needs before her own. She'll always drop what she's doing to help anyone." At what stage of moral development would Carol Gilligan say Mary Lou is?

Which of the following premises is shared by various developmental theories?

According to both Kohlberg's and Gilligan's preconventional stage of moral reasoning, which of the following questions would you be most likely to hear from someone who is confronted with a moral issue?

In the context of moral sentiments, moral indignation is defined as:

Identify the person who said each of the following. -"The failure to see the different reality of women's lives and to hear the differences in their voice stems in part from the assumption that there is a single mode of social experience and development." Which of the following theorists is most likely to have made this statement?

In the context of moral sentiments, the capacity for and inclination to imagine the feelings of others is known as _____.

According to Kant, members of the moral community or kingdom of ends include(s) :

According to studies of psychopaths and brain-damaged people like Phineas P. Gage, which part of the brain plays a key role in moral reasoning?