Question 1

The ribosome-binding site of prokaryotes is also known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the TATA box
B)  the promoter
C)  the Shine-Dalgarno sequence
D)  the Pribnow box

Question 2

What molecule in the spliceosome lowers the activation energy so intron removal reactions can occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase
B)  ribozymes
C)  proteins of the spliceosome
D)  autocatalysis by introns

Question 3

How are RNA hairpin turns related to termination?

Accepted Answer

A)  The turns are formed from complementary base pairing and cause separation of the RNA transcript and RNA polymerase.
B)  A three-base repeat signals a stop sequence,and the RNA transcript is released.
C)  Release factors bind to sites on the hairpin turn,causing release of the RNA transcript.
D)  The hairpin turn prevents more nucleoside triphosphates from entering the active site of the enzymes,effectively shutting off the process of polymerization.

Question 4

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  binding of sigma to the promoter region
B)  formation of a phosphodiester bond in the elongating RNA strand
C)  binding of DNA polymerase to the promoter region
D)  formation of a DNA primer

Question 5

Figure 16.3.
 
-Refer to Figure 16.3.What is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It attaches to the amino acid.
B)  It base pairs with the codon of mRNA.
C)  It stabilizes the tRNA-amino acid complex.
D)  It is the active site of this ribozyme.

Question 6

What molecule/feature ensures that the correct amino acid is added with reading of a specific codon during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the anticodon of a properly formed aminoacyl tRNA
B)  the methyl-guanosine cap of a properly modified mRNA
C)  the poly (
A)  tail of a properly modified mRNA
D)  the twisting number of a properly supercoiled DNA

Question 7

Alpha-amanitin is a toxin produced by the death cap mushroom.It blocks the synthesis of mRNA.What effect would it have on health of the organism that ate death cap mushrooms?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would block DNA synthesis.
B)  It would tie up Mg²⁺ and through this action,inhibit glycolysis.
C)  It would denature existing proteins.
D)  It would cause death.

Question 8

A mutation that results in premature termination of translation _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a silent mutation
B)  is a nonsense mutation
C)  usually has no effect on the function of the protein
D)  is a missense mutation

Question 9

Eukaryotes have three nuclear RNA polymerases.The primary function of RNA polymerase II is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription of only rRNA-coding genes
B)  transcription of only tRNA-coding genes
C)  transcription of both rRNA- and tRNA-coding genes
D)  transcription of protein-coding genes

Question 10

If the DNA code for a particular amino acid is AGT,then the anticodon on the tRNA would be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  AGT
B)  TCA
C)  UCA
D)  AGU

Question 11

Figure 16.2.
 
-Refer to Figure 16.2.The mRNA is smaller than the length of the DNA that codes for it because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the regulatory regions (introns) of the gene are not transcribed
B)  post-transcriptional modification removes the introns
C)  post-transcriptional modification removes the exons
D)  bases are added to the tail of the primary transcript

Question 12

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes,but not eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  post-transcriptional splicing
B)  concurrent transcription and translation
C)  translation in the absence of a ribosome
D)  gene regulation

Question 13

Figure 16.1
 
-The enzyme complex associated with DNA in the figure is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  helicase
B)  DNA polymerase
C)  RNA polymerase
D)  topoisomerase

Question 14

There are 61 codons that each specify the addition of a specific amino acid,and three stop codons for which there is no corresponding amino acid.However,there are only about 40 tRNA molecules,representing 40 anticodons.How is that possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only about 40 of the recognized 61 codons are present in mRNA.
B)  An anticodon forms hydrogen bonds with the codon;it must match the first two bases of the codon,but is less specific with respect to the third base.
C)  There are tRNAs that can bind one of two related amino acids.
D)  Only 20 of the codons are active-one for each amino acid.

Question 15

Which of the following does not occur in post-transcriptional modifications occurring in eukaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of a poly (
A)  tail
B)  addition of a methyl-guanosine cap
C)  removal of introns
D)  RNA polymerase termination

Question 16

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the quantity of DNA polymerase
B)  the quantity of RNA polymerase
C)  the size of mRNA
D)  the number of ribosomes

Question 17

How does termination of translation take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  The end of the mRNA molecule is reached.
B)  A stop codon is reached.
C)  The 5' cap is reached.
D)  The poly A tail is reached.

Question 18

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid.How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotic codons usually contain different bases than those of eukaryotes.
B)  Prokaryotic codons usually specify different amino acids than those of eukaryotes.
C)  The translation of codons is mediated by tRNAs in eukaryotes,but translation requires no intermediate molecules such as tRNAs in prokaryotes.
D)  Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.

Exam 16: Transcription and Translation

A mutation that results in premature termination of translation _____.

Correct Answer
verified

How are RNA hairpin turns related to termination?

Correct Answer
verified

What molecule/feature ensures that the correct amino acid is added with reading of a specific codon during translation?

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 16.2. -Refer to Figure 16.2.The mRNA is smaller than the length of the DNA that codes for it because _____.

Correct Answer
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Figure 16.3. -Refer to Figure 16.3.What is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes,but not eukaryotes?

Correct Answer
verified

If the DNA code for a particular amino acid is AGT,then the anticodon on the tRNA would be _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following does not occur in post-transcriptional modifications occurring in eukaryotic mRNAs?

Correct Answer
verified

Alpha-amanitin is a toxin produced by the death cap mushroom.It blocks the synthesis of mRNA.What effect would it have on health of the organism that ate death cap mushrooms?

Correct Answer
verified

How does termination of translation take place?

Correct Answer
verified

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid.How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Correct Answer
verified

Eukaryotes have three nuclear RNA polymerases.The primary function of RNA polymerase II is _____.

Correct Answer
verified

The ribosome-binding site of prokaryotes is also known as _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 16.1 -The enzyme complex associated with DNA in the figure is _____.

Correct Answer
verified

There are 61 codons that each specify the addition of a specific amino acid,and three stop codons for which there is no corresponding amino acid.However,there are only about 40 tRNA molecules,representing 40 anticodons.How is that possible?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription?

Correct Answer
verified

What molecule in the spliceosome lowers the activation energy so intron removal reactions can occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 16: Transcription and Translation

A mutation that results in premature termination of translation _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are RNA hairpin turns related to termination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What molecule/feature ensures that the correct amino acid is added with reading of a specific codon during translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 16.2. -Refer to Figure 16.2.The mRNA is smaller than the length of the DNA that codes for it because _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 16.3. -Refer to Figure 16.3.What is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes,but not eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the DNA code for a particular amino acid is AGT,then the anticodon on the tRNA would be _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not occur in post-transcriptional modifications occurring in eukaryotic mRNAs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alpha-amanitin is a toxin produced by the death cap mushroom.It blocks the synthesis of mRNA.What effect would it have on health of the organism that ate death cap mushrooms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does termination of translation take place?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid.How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eukaryotes have three nuclear RNA polymerases.The primary function of RNA polymerase II is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ribosome-binding site of prokaryotes is also known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 16.1 -The enzyme complex associated with DNA in the figure is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are 61 codons that each specify the addition of a specific amino acid,and three stop codons for which there is no corresponding amino acid.However,there are only about 40 tRNA molecules,representing 40 anticodons.How is that possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What molecule in the spliceosome lowers the activation energy so intron removal reactions can occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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