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Effective short-term objectives should be ________ and ________.


A) specific; measurable
B) achievable; not challenging
C) motivating; not limiting
D) time defined; not limiting

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Which of the following is the primary drawback of traditional strategic control systems?


A) They are only appropriate when the environment is stable and simple.
B) Goals and objectives cannot be measured with a high level of certainty.
C) They lead to complacency.
D) They lack the flexibility needed to adjust to changes in the environment.

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In addition to traditional institutional investors, a growing set of activist investors aggressively pressure firm managers for major changes. These activist investors include individual investors, such as ________, and activist investor funds, such as ________.


A) CalPERS; Bill Gates
B) ValuAct; Trian
C) Berkshire Hathaway; Warren Buffet.
D) Carl Icahn; Pershing Square.

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Rules and regulations, rather than culture or rewards, would be used for strategic control at which type of company?


A) software developer
B) stock brokerage firm
C) manufacturer of mass produced products
D) high tech research facility

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When subcultures emerge that have shared values opposite from the dominant culture of an organization


A) organizational cohesiveness increases.
B) information is shared rather than hoarded.
C) individuals begin working at cross purposes.
D) individuals gain insights into overarching goals and objectives.

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In contemporary control systems, data and information generated are best interpreted and discussed in online forums, in order to have traceability of the discussion.

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Once a strong and healthy organizational culture has been established, it becomes self-sustaining.

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For young managers who see themselves as free agents, behavioral controls such as rewards and culture can be an effective way to enhance organizational loyalty.

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The Lending Club removed CEO Renaud Laplanche in 2016. Hans Morris, the company executive chairman, lauded him, saying his entrepreneurial spirit was critical to the success of the firm. But he also signaled the board was removing Mr. Laplanche because he had failed to build a strong control system and culture, stating that as a public company that provides a financial service, Lending Club must meet the industry high standards of transparency and disclosure. This kind of dismissal signals what message to the public?


A) Mr. Laplanche was not a creative entrepreneur.
B) The board of directors is active and engaged.
C) The board of directors needed a scapegoat to cover up their ineffectiveness.
D) Mr. Laplanche was dishonest.

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Top managers at ABC Company meet every Friday to review daily operational reports and year to date data. This is an example of


A) behavioral control.
B) informational control.
C) strategy formulation.
D) strategy implementation.

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Contemporary approaches to strategic control rely primarily on


A) feedback controls.
B) single-loop learning.
C) double-loop learning.
D) comparative learning.

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Which of the following is not a reason analyst recommendations are often more optimistic than warranted by an objective analysis of the facts?


A) Many analysts fail to grasp the gravity of the problems facing a company.
B) Sell recommendations generate lower commissions than buy recommendations.
C) The firms for which analysts work may have lucrative investment banking relationships with the firm.
D) Analysts are often pressured by their superiors to overlook negative information.

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Central to agency theory is the relationship between two primary players, the principals (stockholders) and agents (management).

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Informational control systems are concerned with which of the following questions?


A) Is the organization doing things right?
B) Is the organization doing the right things?
C) Are rules and regulations being followed as information is processed?
D) Is the environment of the organization a necessary and sufficient condition for success?

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Rule-based controls are least appropriate in organizations with which one of the following characteristics?


A) Environments are stable and predictable.
B) Employees are highly skilled and independent.
C) There is consistency in product and service.
D) The risk of malfeasance is extremely high.

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Informational controls involve the balance and alignment of the culture, rewards, and boundaries of a firm.

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Director independence and non-interlocking directorships are desirable traits of top-ranked boards. What does this mean?


A) Directors can serve on the board of directors of other related companies.
B) Directors are free of all ties to the CEO and the company.
C) The CEO can serve as a director on the other director boards.
D) Top managers cannot be on the board of directors.

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Agency theory is concerned with resolving two problems that can occur in agency relationships. Which of the following is not one of those problems?


A) Goals conflict between principals and agents.
B) Verification of actual agency activity is expensive and difficult to obtain.
C) Principals and agents have differing attitudes toward risk.
D) Stockholders and management align with external stakeholders.

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For firms competing in highly unstable and turbulent industries, traditional strategic controls are most appropriate.

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Effective boundaries and constraints


A) tend to inhibit efficiency and effectiveness.
B) distract employees who are trying to focus on organizational priorities.
C) minimize improper and unethical conduct.
D) tend to limit organizational growth.

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