A) an anabolic steroid
B) a DNA helix
C) an RNA nucleotide
D) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached
E) a phospholipid
Correct Answer
verified
A) They combine molecules into more energy-rich molecules.
B) They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP.
C) They are endergonic.
D) They are spontaneous and do not need enzyme catalysis.
E) They build up complex molecules such as protein from simpler compounds.
Correct Answer
verified
A) heat is not a form of energy.
B) cells do not have much heat; they are relatively cool.
C) temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell.
D) heat can never be used to do work.
E) heat denatures enzymes.
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A) from left to right at the top of the figure
B) under the symbol for energy doing cellular work in the figure
C) from right to left at the bottom of the figure
D) it would be shown separately after the figure
E) it would be shown in a clockwise direction at the top of the figure
Correct Answer
verified
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Correct Answer
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A) dehydration reactions
B) hydrolysis
C) respiration
D) digestion
E) catabolism
Correct Answer
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A) Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate.
B) Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate.
C) Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product.
D) Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor.
E) Malonic acid is the product, and fumarate is a competitive inhibitor.
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A) +△G, +△H, +△S
B) +△G, +△H, -△S
C) +△G, -△H, -△S
D) -△G, +△H, +△S
E) -△G, -△H, -△S
Correct Answer
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A) It is released as an excretory waste.
B) It can only be used to regenerate more ATP.
C) It can be added to water and excreted as a liquid.
D) It can be added to other molecules in order to activate them.
E) It can enter the nucleus to affect gene expression.
Correct Answer
verified
A) Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.
B) It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that when hydrolyzed releases free energy.
D) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two.
E) A, B, C, and D
Correct Answer
verified
A) Cells are open systems, but a test tube is a closed system.
B) Cells are less efficient at heat production than nonliving systems.
C) The hydrolysis of ATP in a cell produces different chemical products than does the reaction in a test tube.
D) The reaction in cells must be catalyzed by enzymes, but the reaction in a test tube does not need enzymes.
E) Reactant and product concentrations are not the same
Correct Answer
verified
A) they are able to maintain a cooler internal temperature.
B) high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary.
C) their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
D) their enzymes are completely insensitive to temperature.
E) they use molecules other than proteins or RNAs as their main catalysts.
Correct Answer
verified
A) negative △G, spontaneous
B) positive △G, nonspontaneous
C) positive △G, exergonic
D) negative △G, endergonic
E) △G of zero, chemical equilibrium
Correct Answer
verified
A) cessation of all enzyme formation
B) compartmentalization of enzymes into defined organelles
C) exporting enzymes out of the cell
D) connecting enzymes into large aggregates
E) hydrophobic interactions
Correct Answer
verified
A) denaturization of the enzyme
B) allosteric inhibition
C) competitive inhibition
D) saturation of the enzyme activity
E) insufficient cofactors
Correct Answer
verified
A) add more of the enzyme.
B) heat the solution to 90°C.
C) add more substrate.
D) add an allosteric inhibitor.
E) add a noncompetitive inhibitor.
Correct Answer
verified
A) by binding at the active site of the enzyme
B) by changing the shape of a reactant
C) by changing the free energy change of the reaction
D) by acting as a coenzyme for the reaction
E) by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction
Correct Answer
verified
A) curve 1
B) curve 2
C) curve 4
D) curve 5
E) It is not possible to determine whether an enzyme requires a cofactor from these data.
Correct Answer
verified
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Correct Answer
verified
A) competitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
B) noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
C) allosteric activator of the enzyme.
D) cofactor necessary for enzyme activity.
E) coenzyme derived from a vitamin.
Correct Answer
verified
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