Question 1

According to the text,psychological egoism

Accepted Answer

A)  is derived from alleged fact that human beings are by nature selfish creatures.
B)  is the same principle of morality as ethical egoism.
C)  is the view that the best way to promote our own self-interest is to sometimes be selfish.
D)  is based on hedonism.

Question 2

Immanuel Kant believed that it is only when we act out of feeling or sentiment that our actions have moral worth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Richard Brandt defends a form of act utilitarianism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Utilitarians believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge,friendship,and aesthetic satisfaction are intrinsically valuable (or inherently good) .
B)  we can predict with certainty the future consequences of our actions.
C)  an action that leads to unhappiness is morally right if any other action that you could have performed instead would have brought about even more unhappiness.
D)  an action can't be right if the people who are made happy by it are outnumbered by the people who are made unhappy by it.

Question 5

Jeremy Bentham thought that a community is no more than the individuals who compose it and that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Adam Smith made the point that individual pursuit of self-interest (egoistic conduct),even when subject to rules and constraints,always undermines the utilitarian goal of producing the most good for all.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is a prima facie obligation?

Accepted Answer

A prima facie obligation is a concept in...

Question 8

State two alternative formulations of Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative.What are these two formulations?

Accepted Answer

The first alternative formulation of Imm...

Question 9

Which of the following considerations about utilitarianism is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The great 19th century utilitarians,Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill,believed that pleasure and happiness were different things.
B)  Bentham was concerned with the quantity of pleasure that an action produces,not with distinctions based on the type of the pleasure.
C)  Act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism consistently agree upon which actions are morally right.
D)  Utilitarians believe that we can't compare one person's happiness with that of another.

Question 10

Ethical egoism says that human beings are,as a matter of fact,so constructed that they must behave selfishly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

For those who are trying to make moral decisions

Accepted Answer

A)  it is impossible to make progress on controversial ethical issues unless everyone shares the same moral theory.
B)  endorsing a moral principle doesn't require you to apply it in all similar situations.
C)  moral judgments don't have to be related to some general moral principles.
D)  in a moral discussion,clarifying the facts and spelling out the principles to which people are appealing can help us to reach a solution.

Question 12

A prima facie obligation is an obligation that can be overridden by a more important obligation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Explain one of the three criticisms of utilitarianism..

Accepted Answer

One of the criticisms of utilitarianism ...

Question 14

If you adopt egoism as your moral code,then

Accepted Answer

A)  you can never act honestly or be gracious or helpful to others.
B)  you must endorse hedonism.
C)  you must always avoid any unpleasant or painful experiences.
D)  you believe that it is morally right to do whatever promotes your best interest.

Question 15

"If you want to go to law school,then you must take the LSAT exam." This statement is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the transcendental imperative.
B)  the categorical imperative.
C)  a hypothetical imperative.
D)  irrational behavior.

Question 16

A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of

Accepted Answer

A)  effects,ideals,and obligations.
B)  effort,duties,and organization.
C)  compassion,intellect,and patience.
D)  compliance,contribution,and consequences.

Question 17

Immanuel Kant believed that prostitution was immoral because,by selling their sexual services,prostitutes allow themselves to be treated as only a means to an end.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding human rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human rights are equal rights;if X is a human right,then everyone has this right.
B)  Human rights are transferable and thus "alienable".
C)  Human rights rest on particular roles and special relationships.
D)  Human rights are not natural but are always grounded in a specific legal or political system.

Question 19

By "maxim," Immanuel Kant meant the subjective principle of an action,the principle that people in effect formulate in determining their conduct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Egoists only do what they feel like doing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Normative Theories of Ethics

"If you want to go to law school,then you must take the LSAT exam." This statement is an example of

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Richard Brandt defends a form of act utilitarianism.

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For those who are trying to make moral decisions

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A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of

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Immanuel Kant believed that it is only when we act out of feeling or sentiment that our actions have moral worth.

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Utilitarians believe that

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According to the text,psychological egoism

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By "maxim," Immanuel Kant meant the subjective principle of an action,the principle that people in effect formulate in determining their conduct.

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Which of the following considerations about utilitarianism is correct?

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Jeremy Bentham thought that a community is no more than the individuals who compose it and that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members.

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Which of the following statements is true regarding human rights?

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State two alternative formulations of Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative.What are these two formulations?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe first alternative formulation of Imm...View AnswerShow Answer

If you adopt egoism as your moral code,then

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A prima facie obligation is an obligation that can be overridden by a more important obligation.

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Adam Smith made the point that individual pursuit of self-interest (egoistic conduct),even when subject to rules and constraints,always undermines the utilitarian goal of producing the most good for all.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immanuel Kant believed that prostitution was immoral because,by selling their sexual services,prostitutes allow themselves to be treated as only a means to an end.

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Egoists only do what they feel like doing.

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Ethical egoism says that human beings are,as a matter of fact,so constructed that they must behave selfishly.

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Explain one of the three criticisms of utilitarianism..

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne of the criticisms of utilitarianism ...View AnswerShow Answer

What is a prima facie obligation?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIA prima facie obligation is a concept in...View AnswerShow Answer

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The first alternative formulation of Imm...
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One of the criticisms of utilitarianism ...
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A prima facie obligation is a concept in...
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