Question 1

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys.
B)  pancreas.
C)  adrenal gland.
D)  posterior pituitary gland.
E)  anterior pituitary gland.

Question 2

In a positive-feedback system in which hormone A alters the amount of protein X

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in A always produces an increase in X.
B)  an increase in X always produces a decrease in A.
C)  a decrease in A always produces an increase in X.
D)  a decrease in X always causes a decrease in A.
E)  it is impossible to predict how A and X affect each other.

Question 3

The higher level of metabolic activity typical of nonhibernating temperate mammals during the winter months is due to increased secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  ecdysteroid.
B)  glucagon.
C)  thyroxine.
D)  oxytocin.
E)  growth hormone.

Question 4

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary.
B)  posterior pituitary.
C)  adrenal gland.
D)  bladder.
E)  kidney. E

Question 5

In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table. The results most likely occurred because progesterone exerts an effect on the

Accepted Answer

A)  general health of the rat.
B)  size of the fetus.
C)  metabolism of the uterus.
D)  gestation period of rats.
E)  number of eggs fertilized. C

Question 6

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Accepted Answer

A)  secretory cell.
B)  plasma cell.
C)  endocrine cell.
D)  target cell.
E)  regulatory cell.

Question 7

A disease that destroys the adrenal cortex should lead to an increase in the plasma levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoid hormones.
B)  epinephrine.
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) .
D)  glucose.
E)  acetylcholine.

Question 8

Linkage to membrane-bound receptor proteins on target cells activates the typical actions of the

Accepted Answer

A)  androgens.
B)  glucocorticoids.
C)  estrogens.
D)  pancreatic hormones.
E)  progestins.

Question 9

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems.
B)  homeostasis achieved by positive feedback.
C)  how peptide-derived hormones have more widespread effects than steroid hormones.
D)  homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones.
E)  competitive inhibition of a hormone receptor. A

Question 10

DES is called an "endocrine disrupting chemical" because it structurally resembles, and interferes with, the endocrine secretions of the

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreatic islet cells.
B)  thyroid gland.
C)  adrenal medulla.
D)  ovaries.
E)  hypothalamus.

Question 11

The reason that the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that

Accepted Answer

A)  only its target cells get exposed to aldosterone.
B)  only its target cells contain aldosterone receptors.
C)  it is unable to enter nontarget cells.
D)  nontarget cells destroy aldosterone before it can produce any effect.
E)  nontarget cells convert aldosterone to a hormone to which they do respond.

Question 12

Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its action?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin - stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
B)  thyroxine - stimulates metabolic processes
C)  insulin - stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver
D)  ACTH - stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex
E)  melatonin - affects biological rhythms, seasonal reproduction

Question 13

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  oligosaccharides.
B)  fatty acids.
C)  steroids.
D)  amino acids.
E)  nitric oxide.

Question 14

Melatonin is secreted by

Accepted Answer

A)  the hypothalamus during the day.
B)  the pineal gland during the night.
C)  the autonomic nervous system during the winter.
D)  the posterior pituitary gland during the day.
E)  the thyroid gland during cold seasons.

Question 15

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pituitary gland
B)  parathyroid glands
C)  salivary glands
D)  the pancreas
E)  adrenal glands

Question 16

After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, the mammalian pancreas increases its secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  ecdysteroid.
B)  glucagon.
C)  thyroxine.
D)  oxytocin.
E)  insulin.

Question 17

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Your niece is playing in the backyard and finds a beautiful moth. Being interested in insects, you perform research to find out what kind of moth it is. You determine that it is a luna moth (Actias luna) . Similar to other moths, the luna moth moults several times throughout development and ultimately metamorphoses into a mouthless adult. The adult will live for approximately one week with the sole purpose of mating.
-In order to attract a mate, female luna moths secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  mucus.
B)  pheromones.
C)  neurotransmitters.
D)  cytokines.
E)  ecdysteroid.

Question 18

Which of the following functions of prolactin are incorrectly paired with the species?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate mammary gland growth - reptiles
B)  milk synthesis - mammals
C)  regulate NaCl and H₂O balance - freshwater fishes
D)  metamorphosis delay - amphibians
E)  fat metabolism - birds

Question 19

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin and calcitonin.
B)  prolactin and oxytocin.
C)  follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
D)  luteinizing hormone and oxytocin.
E)  prolactin and luteinizing hormone.

Question 20

A paracrine signal that relaxes smooth muscle cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  nitric oxide.
B)  vitamin D.
C)  testosterone.
D)  cortisol.
E)  antidiuretic hormone.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

Correct Answer
verified

In a positive-feedback system in which hormone A alters the amount of protein X

Correct Answer
verified

The higher level of metabolic activity typical of nonhibernating temperate mammals during the winter months is due to increased secretion of

Correct Answer
verified

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

Correct Answer
verified
E

In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table. The results most likely occurred because progesterone exerts an effect on the

Correct Answer
verified
C

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Correct Answer
verified

A disease that destroys the adrenal cortex should lead to an increase in the plasma levels of

Correct Answer
verified

Linkage to membrane-bound receptor proteins on target cells activates the typical actions of the

Correct Answer
verified

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of

Correct Answer
verified
A

DES is called an "endocrine disrupting chemical" because it structurally resembles, and interferes with, the endocrine secretions of the

Correct Answer
verified

The reason that the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that

Correct Answer
verified

Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its action?

Correct Answer
verified

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from

Correct Answer
verified

Melatonin is secreted by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Correct Answer
verified

After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, the mammalian pancreas increases its secretion of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following functions of prolactin are incorrectly paired with the species?

Correct Answer
verified

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are

Correct Answer
verified

A paracrine signal that relaxes smooth muscle cells is

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a positive-feedback system in which hormone A alters the amount of protein X

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The higher level of metabolic activity typical of nonhibernating temperate mammals during the winter months is due to increased secretion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

Correct AnswerverifiedE

In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table. The results most likely occurred because progesterone exerts an effect on the

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A disease that destroys the adrenal cortex should lead to an increase in the plasma levels of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Linkage to membrane-bound receptor proteins on target cells activates the typical actions of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedA

DES is called an "endocrine disrupting chemical" because it structurally resembles, and interferes with, the endocrine secretions of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reason that the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its action?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melatonin is secreted by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, the mammalian pancreas increases its secretion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following functions of prolactin are incorrectly paired with the species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A paracrine signal that relaxes smooth muscle cells is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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E

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C

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A

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