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Exam 4: Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

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Question 21

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Why is the incidence of sickle-cell anemia an excellent example of a "balanced polymorphism," in which two or more alleles are maintained by natural selection in a population?

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Homozygous normal individuals, while hav...

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Question 22

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You and your friend are reading a scientific article about cheetahs that have stripes instead of spots.The article refers to this as a genetic mutation.Your friend wonders why the striped cheetahs are not referred to as a new species.You respond:

A) The article is mistaken.Striped cheetahs are clearly a new species.
B) Genetic mutations only cause superficial changes that do not result in evolutionary advantages.
C) When the frequency of striped individuals in the population reaches 50%, they will be categorized as a new species.
D) The stripes are caused by an individual mutation, and have not evolved in a reproductively isolated population.

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Question 23

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The absence of the A and B alleles in Native American populations is a result of

Which of the following is not a genetic disorder that decreases susceptibility to malaria?

Evolution can best be defined as

Mutations to which of the following cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary consequences?

In certain species of nonhuman primates there are groups where only one dominant female has access to mates.The other females must wait until the opportunity to gain mate access presents itself.This will have direct impacts on "fitness," influencing which of the following?

Population geneticists refer to a reproductive population as a(n)

A genetic study conducted over multiple generations found that the frequency of genotypes in the first generation were AA: 0.36, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.16.In the second generation, genotype frequencies shifted to AA: 0.16, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.36.According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can assume

The mutation known as trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, is more commonly known as

The ABO and MN blood-type frequencies of the Dunkers differ significantly from those of current American and German populations due to

Together, all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals are known as a

What effect does natural selection have on population variation?

Spontaneous mutations are defined as

When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge.Such an event would be an example of

The clinal decrease in type B blood from East Asia to Western Europe is probably the result of

While conducting research with a small population in South America you note that an overwhelming majority of individuals exhibit signs of a specific genetic abnormality.This is most likely the result of

A study of Darwin's finches after a long period of drought found that all species of finch on one of the islands developed wide beaks in order to break open seeds.The type of evolution that leads to this phenotype distribution is

Which African people's southern migration may have led to a significant increase in the incidence of malaria?

A genetic study conducted over two generations found that the frequency of genotypes in the first generation were AA: 0.36, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.16.In the second generation, genotype frequencies remained the same.According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can assume