A) trial-and-error learning plus habituation.
B) trial-and-error learning plus social learning.
C) trial-and-error learning plus imprinting.
D) habituation plus social learning.
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A) A dog raises its hackles, bares its teeth, and stands tall to appear threatening.
B) A honeybee does a waggle dance to indicate the direction of food.
C) A male ruffed grouse spreads its tail and beats its wings to attract a female.
D) Ants mark their trails by releasing pheromones.
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A) imprinted behavior.
B) classical conditioning.
C) innate behavior.
D) imitation.
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A) environment was the critical factor, not genetics.
B) genetics was the only important factor.
C) both genetics and the environment played a clear role.
D) cross-fostered pups resembled their biological mothers more than their foster mothers.
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A) A male chick reared in isolation but introduced as an older juvenile into an aviary containing normal males of his species sings his species' song.
B) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of his species' song grows up to sing normally.
C) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of a different species' song grows up to sing that species' song.
D) A male chick fostered in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of its foster species.
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A) atrazine is an endocrine disrupter.
B) trazine-treated males are more successful in mating than nontreated males.
C) there were fewer atrazine-treated males than nontreated males.
D) atrazine males are unable to mate.
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A) cost-benefit analysis.
B) communication.
C) problem solving.
D) associative learning.
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A) There is no way that natural selection can act on the genes of nonreproducers since they do not leave offspring.
B) The ultimate cause of this behavior is the need to keep their group safe.
C) By protecting relatives, the nonreproducers increase the probability that their genes will be passed to the next generation.
D) Lack of mating is an agonistic behavior.
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A) learned behavior cannot be inherited.
B) maze-learning ability has a genetic basis.
C) maze-learning ability depends mainly on early contact with adept parents.
D) natural selection has a role in the evolution of fixed action patterns but not in the evolution of behavior involving learning.
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A) Digger wasps are able to recognize the pattern of landmarks around their nests.
B) Sow bugs become more active and move around randomly if they find themselves in a dry area.
C) Gannets breed in dense colonies. Each gannet defends the area within the beak's reach of its nest, but gannets feeding at sea are indifferent to each other.
D) Troops of monkey species use well-defined, widely overlapping ranges. Troops avoid encountering each other and are aggressive if they meet.
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A) Prey size does not affect the number of calories gained per second of handling time by wagtails.
B) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with larger flies than with smaller ones.
C) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with smaller flies than with larger ones.
D) Wagtails get more calories per second of handling time with 7-mm flies than with either larger or smaller ones.
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A) does not have a genetic basis.
B) has the potential to enhance the altruist's fitness at a later point in time.
C) will always be selected against.
D) occurs only in the social insects.
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