Question 1

Describe the differences between brittle and ductile deformation.

Accepted Answer

Brittle deformation occurs in rigid mate...

Question 2

Which type of situation would be more likely to produce folds?

Accepted Answer

A)  cold,brittle crust under tension
B)  cold,brittle crust under compression
C)  warm,ductile crust under tension
D)  warm,ductile crust under compression

Question 3

Continental crust is typically 35 kilometers thick but may be up to ________ thick under mountain ranges.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 km
B)  70 km
C)  200 km
D)  400 km

Question 4

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is under intense shear stress
B)  has experienced compressional stress
C)  is underlain by a thrust fault
D)  is formed from rocks that were once at great depth

Question 5

Why do earthquakes occur only above the brittle-ductile transition depth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Below the transition,the rocks are too hot.
B)  Below the transition,the rocks break too easily.
C)  Above the transition,the rocks are too hot.
D)  Above the transition,the rocks will flow.

Question 6

Metamorphic rocks found in cratons are exposed during orogenesis by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  magmatic intrusion
B)  epeirogeny
C)  shear strain
D)  exhumation

Question 7

Explain what the ultimate fate is of all mountains on Earth?

Accepted Answer

The ultimate fate of any mount...

Question 8

Why can mountains on Earth NOT grow as high as those on Mars?

Accepted Answer

A)  The geothermal gradient on Earth is too high.
B)  Gravity on Earth is much lower than on Mars.
C)  The rate of erosion is significantly higher on Earth.
D)  The rate of uplift is significantly higher on Mars. A

Question 9

Normal faults are generally the result of ________ stress.

Accepted Answer

A)  tensional
B)  compressional
C)  shear
D)  triaxial

Question 10

Tectonic foliation occurs under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  ductile,shear stress
B)  ductile,tensional stress
C)  brittle,shear stress
D)  brittle,compressional stress

Question 11

What types of geologic structures would you expect to find in an area that had undergone compression?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary;however,stud...

Question 12

The formation of the Basin and Range Province is associated with which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  continental rifting
B)  continental collision
C)  fold and thrust faulting
D)  subduction zone volcanism

Question 13

Folds are most often associated with ________ stress.

Accepted Answer

A)  tensional
B)  compressional
C)  shear
D)  straight

Question 14

The Appalachian Mountains were formed due to the collision of North America and Africa at the end of the Paleozoic era.Describe what the Appalachians looked like when formed and what has caused them to become a series of gently sloping hills today?

Accepted Answer

The Appalachian Mountains probably looke...

Question 15

Which of these properly illustrates the principle of isostasy?

Accepted Answer

A)  High-density crust floats on top of low-density mantle.
B)  Mountains stand high because they are gravitationally balanced by their deep crustal roots.
C)  When weight is added to the crust,the crust responds by rebounding upward.
D)  When material is removed from the crust,the crust maintains the new,lower elevation.

Question 16

A fold shaped like an elongated arch is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anticline
B)  basin
C)  dome
D)  syncline

Question 17

How does the rate at which a body of rock is deformed affect its behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rock deformed quickly is likely to exhibit brittle behavior.
B)  A rock deformed slowly is likely to exhibit brittle behavior.
C)  The rate of deformation has no effect on a rock's behavior.
D)  The rate of deformation is important only below the brittle/plastic transition. A

Question 18

Normal faulting is most often associated with mountain building along ________ boundaries,while reverse faulting is generally observed at ________ boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent;transform
B)  transform;convergent
C)  convergent;divergent
D)  divergent;convergent D

Question 19

What happens to the crustal root of a mountain range as the mountains are slowly eroded away?

Accepted Answer

A)  The crustal root is eroded away at the same rate.
B)  The crustal root remains stationary.
C)  The crustal root sinks deeper into the mantle.
D)  The crustal root rises out of the mantle.

Question 20

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orogeny
B)  phylogeny
C)  aureole
D)  slickenside

Exam 9: Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Describe the differences between brittle and ductile deformation.

Correct AnswerverifiedBrittle deformation occurs in rigid mate...View AnswerShow Answer

Which type of situation would be more likely to produce folds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Continental crust is typically 35 kilometers thick but may be up to ________ thick under mountain ranges.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do earthquakes occur only above the brittle-ductile transition depth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metamorphic rocks found in cratons are exposed during orogenesis by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain what the ultimate fate is of all mountains on Earth?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe ultimate fate of any mount...View AnswerShow Answer

Why can mountains on Earth NOT grow as high as those on Mars?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Normal faults are generally the result of ________ stress.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tectonic foliation occurs under which of the following conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What types of geologic structures would you expect to find in an area that had undergone compression?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswers will vary;however,stud...View AnswerShow Answer

The formation of the Basin and Range Province is associated with which of the following processes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Folds are most often associated with ________ stress.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Appalachian Mountains were formed due to the collision of North America and Africa at the end of the Paleozoic era.Describe what the Appalachians looked like when formed and what has caused them to become a series of gently sloping hills today?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Appalachian Mountains probably looke...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of these properly illustrates the principle of isostasy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fold shaped like an elongated arch is a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the rate at which a body of rock is deformed affect its behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Normal faulting is most often associated with mountain building along ________ boundaries,while reverse faulting is generally observed at ________ boundaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What happens to the crustal root of a mountain range as the mountains are slowly eroded away?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Brittle deformation occurs in rigid mate...
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The ultimate fate of any mount...
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A

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Answers will vary;however,stud...
View Answer

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The Appalachian Mountains probably looke...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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A

Normal faulting is most often associated with mountain building along boundaries,while reverse faulting is generally observed at boundaries.

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D

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