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Interest groups and political parties play essential roles in democracy.First,define the roles of interest groups and political parties.Second,compare and contrast their roles in the political process.

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A political interest group is


A) an organization that tries to influence politicians to make public policy in line with their preferences.
B) a group of individuals who influence policymaking by manipulating citizens' opinions.
C) An organization that runs primary elections and nominates candidates for office.
D) any group of individuals who share a common interest.
E) a group that is focused on recruiting candidates for office.

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Because officials within the executive branch of administrative agencies have substantial discretion to determine the intent of the legislature,interest groups try to influence the way administrative officials interpret the laws.

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Although public school teachers in Texas are divided among many different teachers' organizations,these organizations share the same goals and cooperate well with each other.

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The Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF)was formed to address discrimination in public schools.

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Interest groups enhance democratic government by supplying information to citizens,contributing to debates about issues,getting people involved in politics,and changing the established order by influencing institutions.

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In the case of Smith v.Allwright (1944),the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that segregated political party primaries were unconstitutional.

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This group's success in passing 90 percent of the legislative agenda it has sponsored and winning 86 percent of its cases before the Texas Supreme Court indicates it is now arguably the most effective interest group in Texas.


A) Texas AFL-CIO
B) Texas Trial Lawyers Association
C) Texas Medical Association
D) Texas State Teachers Association
E) Christian Coalition

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Public interest groups are very well funded and as a result,dominate on issues where they lobby.

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When people from an industry go to work for the agency regulating that industry,this movement is called


A) a revolving door.
B) co-optation.
C) plutocracy.
D) lobbying in the bureaucracy.
E) a "right-to-work law."

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Which of the following is not correct about interest groups?


A) Interest groups provide information to officeholders in all branches of government.
B) Interest groups engage in the electoral process by nominating their members for public office.
C) Interest groups help to inform public opinion.
D) Interest groups engage in the electoral process by contributing money to candidates.
E) Interest groups politicize and inform members of their groups.

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A plutocratic system is one in which


A) interest groups run candidates for public office.
B) interest groups form Political Action Committees to donate money to political candidates.
C) political participation is equal among all classes of people, promoting democracy.
D) government is dominated by the wealthy.
E) interest group power is not tempered by strong political parties.

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Lobbying is an activity that refers to


A) buying favors in Austin.
B) efforts to influence policymakers face-to-face.
C) citizens voting on Election Day.
D) "twisting the arms" of legislators.
E) bribery and corruption.

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From the perspective of democratic theory,efforts of wealthy special interests to create public support through campaigns to "educate" the public


A) have both reassuring and troubling aspects.
B) help to expand the amount of information available to citizens.
C) reflect private, one-sided viewpoints.
D) tend to ignore the general public interest.
E) All of the above reflect efforts of wealthy special interests.

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The success of the Texas Bicycle Coalition illustrates which of the following?


A) Citizens who are willing to get organized, inform themselves, and spend time talking to politicians can sometimes influence policy.
B) Wealthy special interests always win in the legislative process.
C) Groups can influence government without being organized or particularly excited about their issue.
D) By definition, all lobbyists are paid high salaries and serve special economic interests.
E) Most Texas legislators are avid bicycle riders.

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Governor Rick Perry's initiative in 2007 to require young women to have an HPV vaccine to prevent cancer that can be transmitted through sexually transmitted disease was largely sponsored by the Christian Right.

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Types of economic interest groups include all except which one of the following?


A) Banking and financial organizations
B) Labor unions
C) Environmental protection groups
D) Professional associations
E) Groups representing specific types of industries

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Which of the following interest groups is noteworthy for using the courts as an avenue to achieve success in the policy process?


A) The Texas Research League
B) The Texas Good Roads and Transportation Association
C) The Texas Federation of Teachers
D) The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
E) Common Cause

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Economic producing groups are more likely to be organized than consuming groups.

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