Question 1

A moral of Garrett Hardin's parable "The Tragedy of the Commons" is that there can be a difference between the private costs and the social costs of a business activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?

Accepted Answer

A)   regulation can take away an industry's incentive to do more than the minimum
B)   regulation is an incentive to an industry to do more than the minimum
C)   regulation does not apply to all equally
D)   does not require polluters to use the strongest most feasible means of pollution control.

Question 3

An assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves

Accepted Answer

A)   facts.
B)   monetary costs only.
C)   false opinions.
D)   value judgments and factual uncertainties

Question 4

The philosopher Tom Regan

Accepted Answer

A)   claims that no impartial morally sensitive person could approve of the treatment of animals in factory farms if he or she knew what was going on.
B)   argues against the use of governmental regulations to control the actions of businesses.
C)   believes that the FTC should be abolished.
D)   denies that non-human animals have any moral rights.

Question 5

Cost-benefit analyses of rival environmental policies inevitably involve making value judgments about nonmonetary costs and benefits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Advocates of a "naturalistic ethic" believe that penguins are important only because people like them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Moral vegetarians are people who reject the eating of meat on moral grounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The word "ecosystem" refers to a total ecological community, both living and non-living.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Cost-benefit analysis is a device used to determine whether it's worthwhile to incur a particular cost.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Three approaches have gained the most attention when it comes to achieving our environmental goals: the use of regulations, incentives, and pricing mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities)  benefit each and every one of us because the air we all breather is cleaner. If an individual ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then he or she

Accepted Answer

A)   violates our right to a livable environment.
B)   is being a free rider.
C)   displays an ignorance of ecology.
D)   creates an externality.

Question 12

Regulation is always the most effective way to allocate the costs of environmental protection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According to Holmes Rolston III,

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic ethics ought to be abandoned.
B)   some natural objects are morally considerable in their own right, apart from human interests.
C)   all moral rights are derived from the interests of human beings.
D)   nature has no value apart from human beings.

Question 14

The international fishing industry as it exists today gives us good reason to reject the moral of Garrett Hardin's "Parable of the Commons."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Business has considered the environment to be

Accepted Answer

A)   a scarce commodity.
B)   free and nearly limitless.
C)   a limited supply.
D)   costly.

Question 16

Any equitable solution to the problem of who should pay the bill for environmental cleanup should take into account responsibility as well as benefit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An ordinary example of an ecosystem is a pond.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When it comes to the protecting animal interests, the United States is far ahead of Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is true concerning our environment today?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Clean Air Act of 1970 has had no beneficial effects
B)   animal waste from factory farms is good for the environment
C)   the "greenhouse effect" is basically media hype
D)   polluted air is a health risk

Question 20

William F. Baxter addresses environmental ethics by noting

Accepted Answer

A)   the best ethical position to adopt on environmental issues is a naturalistic position.
B)   non-human animals have intrinsic value.
C)   judgments about environmental problems ought to be people-oriented.
D)   damage to geological "marvels" is inherently wrong and should be prevented.

Exam 7: The Environment

Regulation is always the most effective way to allocate the costs of environmental protection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cost-benefit analyses of rival environmental policies inevitably involve making value judgments about nonmonetary costs and benefits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Holmes Rolston III,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit each and every one of us because the air we all breather is cleaner. If an individual ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then he or she

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When it comes to the protecting animal interests, the United States is far ahead of Europe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The philosopher Tom Regan

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ordinary example of an ecosystem is a pond.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cost-benefit analysis is a device used to determine whether it's worthwhile to incur a particular cost.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A moral of Garrett Hardin's parable "The Tragedy of the Commons" is that there can be a difference between the private costs and the social costs of a business activity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three approaches have gained the most attention when it comes to achieving our environmental goals: the use of regulations, incentives, and pricing mechanisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The international fishing industry as it exists today gives us good reason to reject the moral of Garrett Hardin's "Parable of the Commons."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true concerning our environment today?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Moral vegetarians are people who reject the eating of meat on moral grounds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The word "ecosystem" refers to a total ecological community, both living and non-living.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Advocates of a "naturalistic ethic" believe that penguins are important only because people like them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Business has considered the environment to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

William F. Baxter addresses environmental ethics by noting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any equitable solution to the problem of who should pay the bill for environmental cleanup should take into account responsibility as well as benefit.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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