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Table 8.2 Codons in mRNA molecule and their corresponding amino acids  UUU  Phenylalanine  UAU  tyrosine  UUA  leucine  UAA  nonsense  GCA  alanine  AAU  asparagine  AAG  lysine  UGC  cysteine  GUU  valine  UCG, UCU  serine \begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | } \hline \text { UUU } & \text { Phenylalanine } & \text { UAU } & \text { tyrosine } \\\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \\\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \\\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \text { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \\\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \text { UCG, UCU } & \text { serine } \\\hline\end{array} -Refer to Table 8.2.If an indeterminate frameshift mutation occurred (that is,one at a random location) in the sequence of bases shown below,what would be the sequence of amino acids coded for? 3' ATTACGCTTTGC


A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine
B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine
C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine
D) Translation would stop at the first codon.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

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If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene,which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy?


A) the primary structure of the protein
B) the secondary structure of the protein
C) the tertiary structure of the protein
D) the quaternary structure of the protein
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

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Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription?


A) a new strand of DNA
B) rRNA
C) tRNA
D) mRNA

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Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation


A) replicates DNA.
B) transfers DNA vertically,to new cells.
C) transfers DNA horizontally,to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication.
D) transcribes DNA to RNA.
E) copies RNA to make DNA.

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The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is


A) catabolite repression.
B) translation.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) repression.
E) induction.

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Bacteria usually contain multiple chromosomes.

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What is the survival value of the semiconservative replication of DNA?

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The semiconservative replication of DNA ...

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Figure 8.4 Figure 8.4 -In Figure 8.4,the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S large subunit of a ribosome as shown (the light gray area is the large subunit,while the black shape is the drug) .From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol A) prevents transcription in eukaryotes. B) prevents translation in eukaryotes. C) prevents transcription in prokaryotes. D) prevents translation in prokaryotes. E) prevents mRNA-ribosome binding. -In Figure 8.4,the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S large subunit of a ribosome as shown (the light gray area is the large subunit,while the black shape is the drug) .From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol


A) prevents transcription in eukaryotes.
B) prevents translation in eukaryotes.
C) prevents transcription in prokaryotes.
D) prevents translation in prokaryotes.
E) prevents mRNA-ribosome binding.

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Transduction requires a(n) ________ to move DNA from one bacterial cell to another.


A) bacteriophage
B) naked DNA molecule
C) F plasmid
D) transposase enzyme

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The miRNAs in a cell


A) are found in prokaryotic cells.
B) are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome.
C) are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome.
D) allow different cells to produce different proteins.
E) are responsible for inducing operons.

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Repair of damaged DNA,in some instances and mechanisms,might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and


A) DNA ligase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) helicase.
D) methylase.
E) primase.

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Which of the following pairs is mismatched?


A) DNA polymerase - makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template
B) RNA polymerase - makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template
C) DNA ligase - joins segments of DNA
D) transposase - cuts DNA backbone,leaving "sticky ends"
E) DNA gyrase - relaxes supercoiling in DNA ahead of the replication fork

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Table 8.2 Codons in mRNA molecule and their corresponding amino acids  UUU  Phenylalanine  UAU  tyrosine  UUA  leucine  UAA  nonsense  GCA  alanine  AAU  asparagine  AAG  lysine  UGC  cysteine  GUU  valine  UCG, UCU  serine \begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | } \hline \text { UUU } & \text { Phenylalanine } & \text { UAU } & \text { tyrosine } \\\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \\\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \\\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \text { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \\\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \text { UCG, UCU } & \text { serine } \\\hline\end{array} -Refer to Table 8.2 The anticodon for valine is


A) GUU.
B) CUU.
C) CTT.
D) CAA.
E) GTA.

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If generalized transduction is underway,packaging a piece of DNA from an infected bacterial cell into a bacteriophage protein coat,what is the likely outcome?


A) Lysis of a newly-infected cell as the transducing bacteriophage infects it and multiplies.
B) The virus particle formed in the transduction process isn't able to correctly infect a new bacterial cell.
C) A second bacterial cell infected by that transducing bacteriophage will acquire new DNA,carried by the phage from the original infected cell.
D) The infected bacterial cell will recover and survive,as the packaging of non-bacteriophage DNA into the protein coat produces nonfunctional virus particles.

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Table 8.2 Codons in mRNA molecule and their corresponding amino acids  UUU  Phenylalanine  UAU  tyrosine  UUA  leucine  UAA  nonsense  GCA  alanine  AAU  asparagine  AAG  lysine  UGC  cysteine  GUU  valine  UCG, UCU  serine \begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | } \hline \text { UUU } & \text { Phenylalanine } & \text { UAU } & \text { tyrosine } \\\hline \text { UUA } & \text { leucine } & \text { UAA } & \text { nonsense } \\\hline \text { GCA } & \text { alanine } & \text { AAU } & \text { asparagine } \\\hline \text { AAG } & \text { lysine } & \text { UGC } & \text { cysteine } \\\hline \text { GUU } & \text { valine } & \text { UCG, UCU } & \text { serine } \\\hline\end{array} -Refer to Table 8.2.If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine,what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA?


A) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA 5'
B) 3' AGACGTTTCAAT 5'
C) 3' TCTCGTTTGTTA 5'
D) 5' TGTGCTTTCTTA 3'
E) 5' AGAGCTTTGAAT 3'

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An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA,and is translated from insertion sequences,is


A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase.
C) DNA helicase.
D) transposase.
E) DNA polymerase.

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A gene is defined as


A) any random segment of DNA.
B) three nucleotides that code for an amino acid.
C) a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product.
D) a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product.
E) the RNA product of a transcribed section of DNA.

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Generalized transduction occurs when a bacteriophage inadvertently packages the wrong material into one of its newly-formed protein coats.While the source of this material may vary,it is always:


A) protein.
B) mRNA.
C) DNA.
D) tRNA.
E) miRNA.

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DNA is constructed of


A) a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding.
B) two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded A-C and G-T.
C) two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration.
D) two strands of identical nucleotides in a parallel configuration with hydrogen bonds between them.
E) None of the answers is correct.

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Mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells.

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