Question 1

Carson used to really enjoy lime sherbet, and when he was in Mexico he tried frozen lime margaritas. After his fourth margarita Carson became extremely ill. Now he finds that even the sight of lime sherbet in a bowl can make him feel queasy. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  the queasiness that Carson feels when he sees lime sherbet
B)  the sight of lime sherbet
C)  the lime margaritas that Carson consumed
D)  the illness that followed the fourth margaritaE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." Which method will be most useful for modifying Dillon's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  non-contingent reinforcement
B)  operant conditioning
C)  classical conditioning
D)  higher-order conditioningE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following will increase your likelihood of success when using punishment in a self-modification program?

Accepted Answer

A)  making sure you also have the opportunity to earn some reinforcers
B)  gradually increasing the intensity of the punishment over time
C)  getting a friend or family member to withhold the punishment
D)  putting the punisher on an intermittent scheduleE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Quyen woke up one night with a spider dangling in front of her face. She screamed, and from that point on she could not stand to be near spiders. What caused Quyen's fear of spiders?

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning
B)  a response-outcome association
C)  operant conditioning
D)  classical conditioningE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

According to which type of schedule is a baby's response of shaking a rattle reinforced, assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-ratio
B)  continuous reinforcement
C)  fixed-interval
D)  variable-intervalE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which of the following processes can influence allergic reactions and the growth of drug tolerances, according to studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental conditioning
B)  instinctive drift
C)  classical conditioning
D)  sensory adaptationE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Suppose that a subject is shifted from a low fixed ratio schedule (few responses required to earn a reinforcer)  to a higher fixed ratio schedule (more responses required to earn a reinforcer) . Which of the following is most likely to be the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  faster extinction of the instrumental response
B)  a decrease in the power of the reinforcer
C)  more pauses between responses
D)  an increase in the overall rate of respondingE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Through which of the following does avoidance conditioning develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement
B)  positive punishment
C)  negative reinforcement
D)  negative punishmentE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following components of observational learning is heavily influenced by expectations about reinforcement, according to Albert Bandura?

Accepted Answer

A)  initially attending to the behaviour of another person
B)  initially acquiring or learning a new behaviour
C)  actually performing a behaviour that has been learned
D)  accurately retaining information about a behaviourE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

When is the reinforcer given in a variable-ratio schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  after a fixed number of nonreinforced responses
B)  for the first response that occurs after a variable amount of time has elapsed
C)  for the first response that occurs after a fixed amount of time has elapsed
D)  after a variable number of nonreinforced responsesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Veronica had been working at Zenex Industries for eight months when her boss called her to his office. The boss told Veronica she was being laid off. Veronica could feel her heart pounding as she listened to the news. Veronica got a new job, but every time her new boss asks to talk to her in private, Veronica feels a little faint. What is the unconditioned response in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  her new boss asking for a private meeting
B)  her pounding heart when she heard she was being laid off
C)  the faintness she feels when her new boss wants to talk to her in private
D)  the bad news from her boss at Zenex IndustriesE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat pauses for a long time after each food pellet is delivered, but slowly increases its rate of lever pressing as more time elapses. Which reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-interval
B)  fixed-interval
C)  fixed-ratio
D)  variable-ratioE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

In classical conditioning, a subject can learn to respond to one conditioned stimulus but not to another similar stimulus. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization
B)  stimulus discrimination
C)  conditioned forgetting
D)  extinctionE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning occurs when an or...

Question 15

Which of the following seems to be an important factor in whether children exposed to violent television will grow up to have higher levels of aggression as adults, according to the Featured Study on the long-term effects of watching violence on TV?

Accepted Answer

A)  level of intelligence
B)  gender
C)  identification with aggressive characters on TV
D)  number of TVs in the householdE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

A child asks to be allowed to stay up an extra half hour only when his mother is in a good mood, because that is when she is most likely to agree. What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition
B)  shaping
C)  stimulus generalization
D)  stimulus discriminationE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Why is much of the evidence about the effects of spanking considered to be controversial?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most of the studies are correlational, which does not allow for conclusive statements about cause and effect.
B)  Although there is a lot of anecdotal data regarding the risks of spanking, there are no studies with large sample sizes.
C)  Most of the studies have been conducted on children with pre-existing behaviour problems.
D)  Because most adults have experienced corporal punishment it is next to impossible to find a sample for the control group.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

What is the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus
B)  conditioned reinforcer
C)  unconditioned reinforcer
D)  unconditioned stimulusE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning to play baseball
B)  learning to love the smell of Grandpa's aftershave
C)  learning to talk
D)  learning to avoid shopping in a store with bad customer serviceE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone. Then, a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials. Finally, the light is presented alone, and the dog salivates. What is this procedure called?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory preconditioning
B)  chaining
C)  compound conditioning
D)  higher-order conditioningE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 6: A: Learning

Which of the following components of observational learning is heavily influenced by expectations about reinforcement, according to Albert Bandura?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following seems to be an important factor in whether children exposed to violent television will grow up to have higher levels of aggression as adults, according to the Featured Study on the long-term effects of watching violence on TV?

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning, a subject can learn to respond to one conditioned stimulus but not to another similar stimulus. What is this phenomenon called?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone. Then, a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials. Finally, the light is presented alone, and the dog salivates. What is this procedure called?

Correct Answer
verified

Quyen woke up one night with a spider dangling in front of her face. She screamed, and from that point on she could not stand to be near spiders. What caused Quyen's fear of spiders?

Correct Answer
verified

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." Which method will be most useful for modifying Dillon's behaviour?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response in classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes can influence allergic reactions and the growth of drug tolerances, according to studies?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose that a subject is shifted from a low fixed ratio schedule (few responses required to earn a reinforcer) to a higher fixed ratio schedule (more responses required to earn a reinforcer) . Which of the following is most likely to be the result?

Correct Answer
verified

When is the reinforcer given in a variable-ratio schedule?

Correct Answer
verified

According to which type of schedule is a baby's response of shaking a rattle reinforced, assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle?

Correct Answer
verified

Through which of the following does avoidance conditioning develop?

Correct Answer
verified

Carson used to really enjoy lime sherbet, and when he was in Mexico he tried frozen lime margaritas. After his fourth margarita Carson became extremely ill. Now he finds that even the sight of lime sherbet in a bowl can make him feel queasy. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

Correct Answer
verified

A child asks to be allowed to stay up an extra half hour only when his mother is in a good mood, because that is when she is most likely to agree. What does this example illustrate?

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified
Observational learning occurs when an or...
View Answer

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat pauses for a long time after each food pellet is delivered, but slowly increases its rate of lever pressing as more time elapses. Which reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following will increase your likelihood of success when using punishment in a self-modification program?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is much of the evidence about the effects of spanking considered to be controversial?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: A: Learning

Which of the following components of observational learning is heavily influenced by expectations about reinforcement, according to Albert Bandura?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following seems to be an important factor in whether children exposed to violent television will grow up to have higher levels of aggression as adults, according to the Featured Study on the long-term effects of watching violence on TV?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, a subject can learn to respond to one conditioned stimulus but not to another similar stimulus. What is this phenomenon called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone. Then, a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials. Finally, the light is presented alone, and the dog salivates. What is this procedure called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Quyen woke up one night with a spider dangling in front of her face. She screamed, and from that point on she could not stand to be near spiders. What caused Quyen's fear of spiders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." Which method will be most useful for modifying Dillon's behaviour?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response in classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes can influence allergic reactions and the growth of drug tolerances, according to studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that a subject is shifted from a low fixed ratio schedule (few responses required to earn a reinforcer) to a higher fixed ratio schedule (more responses required to earn a reinforcer) . Which of the following is most likely to be the result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When is the reinforcer given in a variable-ratio schedule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to which type of schedule is a baby's response of shaking a rattle reinforced, assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through which of the following does avoidance conditioning develop?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carson used to really enjoy lime sherbet, and when he was in Mexico he tried frozen lime margaritas. After his fourth margarita Carson became extremely ill. Now he finds that even the sight of lime sherbet in a bowl can make him feel queasy. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child asks to be allowed to stay up an extra half hour only when his mother is in a good mood, because that is when she is most likely to agree. What does this example illustrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedObservational learning occurs when an or...View AnswerShow Answer

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat pauses for a long time after each food pellet is delivered, but slowly increases its rate of lever pressing as more time elapses. Which reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following will increase your likelihood of success when using punishment in a self-modification program?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is much of the evidence about the effects of spanking considered to be controversial?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Observational learning occurs when an or...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified