Question 1

Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and synthesize osteoid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoclasts
B)  Osteocytes
C)  Fibrocytes
D)  OsteoblastsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which minerals are stored in bones? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbonate
B)  Phosphate
C)  Selenium
D)  Magnesium
E)  CalciumF) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

The hyaline cartilage joints between the ribs and sternum are examples of which type of joint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synchondrosis
B)  Symphysis
C)  Gomphosis
D)  SyndesmosisE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which factors influence the rate of protein synthesis of skeletal muscles? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin
B)  Cortisol
C)  Parathyroid hormone
D)  Growth hormone
E)  Amino acid substratesF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Which cells function to maintain bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoclasts
B)  Osteocytes
C)  Osteoblasts
D)  OsteophytesE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

What happens to the original bone during the second phase of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

A)  The original bone is replaced.
B)  It hardens.
C)  The original bone is resorbed.
D)  It is synthesized.E) All of the above
F) C) and D) C

Question 7

What information does the student learn about osteocytes? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  An osteocyte is a transformed osteoblast.
B)  An osteocyte obtains nutrients from capillaries in the canaliculi.
C)  Osteocytes are the prime target of thyroid hormone action.
D)  Osteocytes signal osteoclasts and osteoblasts to form new bone.
E)  An osteocyte helps maintain levels of calcium and phosphorus in blood plasma.F) All of the above
G) A) and B) A, B, D, E

Question 8

Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium
B)  Potassium
C)  Calcium
D)  MagnesiumE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

What controls the movement of synovial fluid through cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cartiloregulins
B)  Hyaluronate
C)  Proteoglycans
D)  ChondroitinE) A) and B)
F) B) and C) C

Question 10

Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation
B)  Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling
C)  Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction
D)  Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The stage of healing in the bone that involves procallus formation entails which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of a hematoma that allows the development of a fibrin network
B)  Production of granulation tissue by fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts
C)  Development of a primitive bone matrix termed woven bone
D)  Remodeling of the periosteal and endosteal bone surfacesE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The student learns that after puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies and the epiphysis merges with which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epiphyseal line
B)  Epiphyseal plate
C)  Metaphysis
D)  Articular cartilageE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Which statement indicates that a student needs more information about muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle comprises 50% of an adult's body weight and 40% of a child's body weight.
B)  Muscle is 75% water, 20% protein, and 5% organic and inorganic compounds.
C)  Muscle contains 32% of all protein stores for energy and metabolism.
D)  Muscles are encased in fascia.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Which statement describes a neuroregulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical mediator that initiates signals from the anterior horn cell of the spinal card to the axon of motor nerve branches of groups of muscle fibers
B)  Neurotransmitter that provides a means of reporting changes in length, tension, velocity, and tone in muscles
C)  Proteoglycan secreted by neurons, which increases acetylcholine receptors
D)  Mechanoreceptor that lies parallel to muscle fibers and responds to muscle stretchingE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which glucoprotein is thought to transport essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteocalcin
B)  Osteonectin
C)  Laminin
D)  Bone albuminE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

What is the basic structural unit in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small channels called canaliculi
B)  Osteocytes within the lacunae
C)  Tiny spaces within the lacunae
D)  Haversian systemE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The professor asks a student to describe the movement of a diarthrosis joint. What answer by the student is best?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immovable joint
B)  Slightly moveable
C)  Variable movement
D)  Freely moveableE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The professor is quizzing student on synovial fluid. Which statement shows the students need further instruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains protein polysaccharides to repair the synovial membrane after injury.
B)  It lubricates the joint surfaces, allowing ease of movement.
C)  It nourishes the pad of the articular cartilage.
D)  It contains leukocytes to phagocytize joint debris and microorganisms.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

As the innervation ratio of a particular organ increases, what other property also increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Control
B)  Movement
C)  Coordination
D)  EnduranceE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which component is found in synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein polysaccharides
B)  Water
C)  Leukocytes
D)  ChondrocytesE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and synthesize osteoid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which minerals are stored in bones? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hyaline cartilage joints between the ribs and sternum are examples of which type of joint?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which factors influence the rate of protein synthesis of skeletal muscles? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cells function to maintain bone matrix?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens to the original bone during the second phase of bone remodeling?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

What information does the student learn about osteocytes? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedA, B, D, E

Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What controls the movement of synovial fluid through cartilage?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stage of healing in the bone that involves procallus formation entails which process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The student learns that after puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies and the epiphysis merges with which structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement indicates that a student needs more information about muscles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement describes a neuroregulin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which glucoprotein is thought to transport essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the basic structural unit in compact bone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The professor asks a student to describe the movement of a diarthrosis joint. What answer by the student is best?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The professor is quizzing student on synovial fluid. Which statement shows the students need further instruction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the innervation ratio of a particular organ increases, what other property also increases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which component is found in synovial fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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A, B, D, E

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C

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