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The sweeper tentacles of corals contain:


A) Zooxanthellae.
B) Nematocysts.
C) Specialized spicules.
D) Bad-tasting chemicals.
E) Harmful enzymes.

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Reef-building corals are classified as:


A) Zooxanthellae.
B) Metamorphic.
C) Ametamorphic.
D) Hermatypic.
E) Ahermatypic.

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What area of a fringing coral reef is most likely to be affected by sedimentation?


A) Reef crest
B) Reef slope
C) Reef flat
D) Reef rise
E) Reef knoll

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Which of the following organisms is least likely to be responsible for bioerosion?


A) Sea urchins
B) Polychaetes
C) Clams
D) Fish
E) Algae

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A primary requirement for coral reef development that determines where they can develop is:


A) Optimum salinity levels.
B) The availability of sediment.
C) The lacks of grazers.
D) The raw material for mucas production.
E) The presence of a hard substrate.

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In addition to zooxanthellae,what is the other important primary producer in a coral reef?


A) Turf algae
B) Benthic diatoms
C) Kelps
D) Coralline algae
E) Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

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What area of a fringing coral reef is most likely to see more pronounced coral growth?


A) Reef crest
B) Reef slope
C) Reef flat
D) Reef rise
E) Reef knoll

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Planula is the name given to:


A) The coral polyp.
B) Zooxanthellae.
C) Corals that do not build reefs.
D) Coral larvae.
E) The coral skeleton.

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The expulsion of zooxanthellae due to unfavorable conditions is called:


A) Exflagellation.
B) Exudation.
C) Bleaching.
D) Decalcification.
E) Denudation.

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Sources of food and other essential nutrients for corals include all of the following except:


A) Nutrients released by zooxanthellae.
B) Calcium carbonate from shells.
C) Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the water.
D) Zooplankton captured by the tentacles.
E) Capture of food using mesenterial filaments.

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Atolls actually start as a:


A) Fringing reef.
B) Barrier reef.
C) Semi-circular or half-moon shaped atoll.
D) Coral knoll.
E) Reef flat.

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