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Demand estimates are required for demand-backward pricing to be successful.

A) True
B) False

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"Demand-backward pricing" involves a producer estimating an acceptable final consumer price and working backward to determine what the producer can charge in the channel.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The idea that people will pay extra for "quality" and status is the idea behind ______.


A) price lining
B) average cost approaches to pricing
C) penetration skimming
D) prestige pricing
E) psychological pricing

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Even if a firm's average variable cost remains constant per unit,its average cost will increase as output increases.

A) True
B) False

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When Nintendo sets a relatively low price on its game units to stimulate more demand for its game cartridges,it is using ______.


A) complementary product pricing
B) product-bundle pricing
C) price lining
D) bait pricing
E) cost plus pricing

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Sam's Club purchases a 24-pack of bottled water from a wholesaler for $3.85 and wants a markup of 25 percent.What is the price that Sam's Club charges its customers?


A) $4.25
B) $4.75
C) $4.95
D) $5.13
E) $5.75

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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With complementary product pricing,different price levels are set on different products because the products are targeted at different market segments.

A) True
B) False

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Some retailers feel that their potential customers find certain prices appealing,but between these prices the customers see prices as roughly the same-and thus price cuts within these ranges will not increase the quantity sold (i.e.,the demand curve is vertical within these "same price" ranges) .These retailers would probably use ______________ if they want to maximize profit.


A) average-cost pricing
B) bait pricing
C) leader pricing
D) prestige pricing
E) psychological pricing

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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Use this information for question that refer to the Sporting Products,Inc.(SPI) case. Randy Todd,marketing manager for Sporting Products,Inc.(SPI) ,is thinking about how changes taking place among retailers in his channel might impact his strategy. SPI sells the products it produces through wholesalers and retailers.For example,SPI sells basketballs to Wholesale Supply for $8.00.Wholesale Supply uses a 20 percent markup and most of its "sport shop" retailer customers,like Robinson's Sporting Goods,use a 33 percent markup to arrive at the price they charge final consumers.However,one fast growing retail chain,Sports Depot,only uses a 20 percent markup for basketballs,even though it pays Wholesale Supply the same price as other retailers.Furthermore,Sports Depot occasionally lowers the price of basketballs and sells them at cost-to draw customers into its stores and stimulate sales of its pricey basketball shoes. Sports Depot is also using other pricing approaches that are different from the sports shops that usually handle SPI products.For example,Sports Depot prices all of its baseball gloves at $20,$40,or $60-with no prices in between.There are three big bins - one for each price point. Todd is also curious about how Sports Depot's new strategy to increase sales of tennis balls will work out.The basic idea is to sell tennis balls in large quantities to nonprofit groups who resell the balls to raise money.For example,a service organization at a local college bought 2,000 tennis balls printed with the college logo.Sports Depot charged $.50 each for the tennis balls-plus a $500 one-time charge for the stamp to print the logo.The service group plans to resell the tennis balls for $2.50 each and contribute the profits to a shelter for the homeless. Todd is not certain if Sports Depot ideas will affect SPI's plans.For example,SPI is considering adding tennis racquets to the lines it produces.This would require a $500,000 addition to its factory as well as the purchase of new equipment that costs $1,000,000.The variable cost to produce a tennis racquet would be $20,but Todd thinks that SPI could sell the racquet at a wholesale price of $40 each.That would allow most retailers to add their normal markup and make a profit.However,if Sports Depot sells the racquet at a lower than normal price other retailers might decide to carry it. Randy Todd wants to use marginal analysis to price the new tennis racquets,but doesn't know the exact shape of the firm's demand curve.Under these circumstances marginal analysis:


A) is useless.
B) may be useful anyway because a profitable region usually surrounds the best price.
C) will suggest the same price as break-even analysis.
D) suggests that the only sensible approach is to follow the market leader.
E) none of these alternatives is correct.

F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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A markup chain:


A) only applies to consumer products, not to business products.
B) implies that a retailer must always apply a smaller markup than a wholesaler.
C) causes lower prices in longer channel systems.
D) determines the price structure in a channel of distribution.
E) None of these alternatives is correct.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A supermarket is bound to expect a higher stockturn for fresh fruits and vegetables compared to soaps and detergents.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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"Full-line pricing" is setting prices for a whole line of products.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Use this information for question that refer to the Sporting Products,Inc.(SPI) case. Randy Todd,marketing manager for Sporting Products,Inc.(SPI) ,is thinking about how changes taking place among retailers in his channel might impact his strategy. SPI sells the products it produces through wholesalers and retailers.For example,SPI sells basketballs to Wholesale Supply for $8.00.Wholesale Supply uses a 20 percent markup and most of its "sport shop" retailer customers,like Robinson's Sporting Goods,use a 33 percent markup to arrive at the price they charge final consumers.However,one fast growing retail chain,Sports Depot,only uses a 20 percent markup for basketballs,even though it pays Wholesale Supply the same price as other retailers.Furthermore,Sports Depot occasionally lowers the price of basketballs and sells them at cost-to draw customers into its stores and stimulate sales of its pricey basketball shoes. Sports Depot is also using other pricing approaches that are different from the sports shops that usually handle SPI products.For example,Sports Depot prices all of its baseball gloves at $20,$40,or $60-with no prices in between.There are three big bins - one for each price point. Todd is also curious about how Sports Depot's new strategy to increase sales of tennis balls will work out.The basic idea is to sell tennis balls in large quantities to nonprofit groups who resell the balls to raise money.For example,a service organization at a local college bought 2,000 tennis balls printed with the college logo.Sports Depot charged $.50 each for the tennis balls-plus a $500 one-time charge for the stamp to print the logo.The service group plans to resell the tennis balls for $2.50 each and contribute the profits to a shelter for the homeless. Todd is not certain if Sports Depot ideas will affect SPI's plans.For example,SPI is considering adding tennis racquets to the lines it produces.This would require a $500,000 addition to its factory as well as the purchase of new equipment that costs $1,000,000.The variable cost to produce a tennis racquet would be $20,but Todd thinks that SPI could sell the racquet at a wholesale price of $40 each.That would allow most retailers to add their normal markup and make a profit.However,if Sports Depot sells the racquet at a lower than normal price other retailers might decide to carry it. If SPI uses average-cost pricing,a big problem will be:


A) it ignores the demand curve for its products.
B) fixed costs are too hard to estimate.
C) the effects of variable costs are ignored.
D) the desired profit cannot be included.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Value in use pricing considers what a customer will save by buying a product.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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A retailer of men's suits who is advertising a popular brand of dress shirts at a reduced price to attract customers is using:


A) price lining.
B) leader pricing.
C) odd-even pricing.
D) bait pricing.
E) prestige pricing.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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Demand-backward pricing is commonly used by producers of consumer products,especially shopping products such as women's clothing and appliances.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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A certain item has a production cost of $24.The manufacturer takes a 25 percent markup,the wholesaler takes a 20 percent markup,and the retailer takes a 50 percent markup.Therefore,the item has a retail selling price of $80.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Business customers are sometimes less price sensitive if there are switching costs.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The BEP,in units,can be found by dividing ______.


A) total fixed costs by the fixed cost contribution per unit
B) total variable costs by the variable cost contribution per unit
C) total variable costs by the fixed cost contribution per unit
D) the assumed selling price per unit by the variable cost per unit
E) total variable costs by total fixed costs

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Use this information for question that refer to the Sporting Products,Inc.(SPI) case. Randy Todd,marketing manager for Sporting Products,Inc.(SPI) ,is thinking about how changes taking place among retailers in his channel might impact his strategy. SPI sells the products it produces through wholesalers and retailers.For example,SPI sells basketballs to Wholesale Supply for $8.00.Wholesale Supply uses a 20 percent markup and most of its "sport shop" retailer customers,like Robinson's Sporting Goods,use a 33 percent markup to arrive at the price they charge final consumers.However,one fast growing retail chain,Sports Depot,only uses a 20 percent markup for basketballs,even though it pays Wholesale Supply the same price as other retailers.Furthermore,Sports Depot occasionally lowers the price of basketballs and sells them at cost-to draw customers into its stores and stimulate sales of its pricey basketball shoes. Sports Depot is also using other pricing approaches that are different from the sports shops that usually handle SPI products.For example,Sports Depot prices all of its baseball gloves at $20,$40,or $60-with no prices in between.There are three big bins - one for each price point. Todd is also curious about how Sports Depot's new strategy to increase sales of tennis balls will work out.The basic idea is to sell tennis balls in large quantities to nonprofit groups who resell the balls to raise money.For example,a service organization at a local college bought 2,000 tennis balls printed with the college logo.Sports Depot charged $.50 each for the tennis balls-plus a $500 one-time charge for the stamp to print the logo.The service group plans to resell the tennis balls for $2.50 each and contribute the profits to a shelter for the homeless. Todd is not certain if Sports Depot ideas will affect SPI's plans.For example,SPI is considering adding tennis racquets to the lines it produces.This would require a $500,000 addition to its factory as well as the purchase of new equipment that costs $1,000,000.The variable cost to produce a tennis racquet would be $20,but Todd thinks that SPI could sell the racquet at a wholesale price of $40 each.That would allow most retailers to add their normal markup and make a profit.However,if Sports Depot sells the racquet at a lower than normal price other retailers might decide to carry it. When Sports Depot temporarily lowers the price of basketballs,it is using:


A) bait pricing.
B) leader pricing.
C) value in use pricing.
D) psychological pricing.
E) prestige pricing.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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